ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 16, NUMBER 3, SEPTEMBER 2013
CONTENTS
|
Full |
A. SHARAF, W. EID & A. A. ABUEL-ATTA Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, pp. 145-158 |
|
Full
|
S. A. DAVARI, M. SAYYARI & A. MOHAMMADI Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, pp. 159-169 |
|
Full
|
N. BOZAKOVA, V. GERZILOV, A. ATANASOV & I.
CHUKACHEVA Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, pp. 170-178 |
|
Full
|
J. TAJIK, S. NAZIFI, M. SHAKIBAEINIA & M. BAHADORI
EFFECTS OF FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE
ON KIDNEY FUNCTION AND MUSCLE INJURY IN EXPERIMENTAL RAT RHABDOMYOLYSIS
MODEL |
|
Full
|
R. DENKOVA, V. YANAKIEVA, Z. DENKOVA, V. NIKOLOVA & V. RADEVA |
|
Full
|
M. SAFI, B. ALBALAA & A. AL-MARIRI |
|
Full
|
E. Fathi |
|
Full
|
GH. FARJANI KISH, A. KHODAKARAM- TAFTI & A. MOHAMMADI |
|
Full
|
N. V. RAJESH, M. G. JAYATHANGARAJ, R. SRIDHAR & M. RAMAN |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 16, Number 3, September 2013, Summaries
Sharaf, A., W. Eid & A. A. Abuel-Atta, 2013. Age-related morphology of the ostrich oviduct (isthmus, uterus and vagina). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 145-158.
Ostrich fertility is a very important measure of their reproductive efficiency, hence our interest in studying the ostrich oviduct. In our study, we found in fully mature birds a thin walled region between magnum and isthmus free of glands and considered as an area of transition called zona translucent. Also, the uterus was formed from a cranial short tubal part followed by a caudal large sac-like pouch. The mucosal folds of uterus are called uterine lamellae. The free borders of these lamellae were smooth, while their both sides were wrinkled. Most of these lamellae were directed longitudinally and converged towards the vagina. In pre-laying birds (3–3.5 years of age) a well developed membrane was found between the vagina and the urodeum. Afterwards in the laying hens we could not found this membrane. Histologically, the glandular buds were found to appear in lamina propria of the isthmus and uterus but not in the vagina of immature ostrich chicks and to become tubular branched glands in pre-laying hens and active, more branched, filled with secretory materials in laying ostrich hens. The cores of the mucosal folds in isthmus and uterus were filled with glands and free of glands in the vagina. Histochemically, in laying ostrich hens the isthmian and vaginal epithelium were reacted positively to PAS staining, while some individual PAS-positive secretory granules were present within the cytoplasm of the apical part of the uterine epithelium.
Key words: histochemistry, histology, gross anatomy, ostrich, oviduct
Davari, S. A., M. Sayyari & A. Mohammadi, 2013. Genetic analysis of the viral agents causing muzzle crust in small ruminants of Shiraz, Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 159-169.
Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype of the genus parapoxvirus (PPV), is the cause of contagious ecthyma, a common viral skin disease of domestic and wild small ruminants with a worldwide distribution. This disease is endemic in Iran and it is sometimes difficult to differentiate it from similar diseases, especially sheep pox, goat pox and peste des petits ruminants (PPR). In this study 50 muzzle crusts were collected from involved sheep and goats from Shiraz suburb during 2011–2012 and PCR was carried out for molecular detection. Twenty-five (50%) of 50 scab specimens were orf positive, 4 (8%) were pox virus positive and 1 (2%) was positive for PPRV. The PCR products were sequenced for nucleotide analysis. Furthermore, orf virus phylogenetic analysis based on 045 gene demonstrated a high degree of identity with other ORFV strains, although there was a slight diversity among the nucleotide sequences. Our study showed that the role of ORFV was greater than the other two viruses for causing muzzle crusts. This is the first molecular study of ORFV in Iran.
Key words: capripox, contagious ecthyma, Iran, muzzle crust, PCR, PPR
Bozakova, N., V. Gerzilov, A. Atanasov & I. Chukacheva, 2013. Welfare assessment of breeder hens supplemented with zinc and vitamin c during the cold winter period. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 170-178.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the poultry welfare of three groups New Hampshire hens – control, supplemented either with 35 mg zinc/kg feed or a combination of 35 mg zinc/kg feed with 250 mg/kg vitamin C during the cold winter period. Eighty seven New Hampshire breeders at the age of 48 weeks were divided in three groups (n=29) and were reared under a free range system (sleeping pens and outdoor walking yards). The welfare of flocks was scored on the basis of their behaviour, plasma corticosterone and several blood biochemical parameters, as well as microclimatic rearing parameters during the cold winter and thermoneutral period. The behaviour of breeders was recorded with a video camera for 12 h during 4 consecutive days accounting the number of birds engaged in specific forms of behaviour: ingestive, gregarious, sexual and agonistic. The plasma corticosterone levels were assayed by commercial ELISA kit. Blood biochemical indices were determined on an automated biochemical analyzer “Cobas mira”. During the cold period, the poultry welfare (PW) score of control breeders was PW=40 %, of the Zn-supplemented flock – PW=60 % and of zinc and vitamin C supplemented flock – PW=73.33 %. The poultry welfare improvement was due to the stress-reducing effect of both Zn and vitamin C supplements. The combined supplement had a better alleviating stress effect due to synergic action of its ingredients.
Key words: behaviour, cold period, corticosterone, hens, welfare assessment, zinc and vitamin C
Tajik, J., S. Nazifi, M. Shakibaeinia & M. Bahadori, 2013. Effects of flunixin meglumine on kidney function and muscle injury in experimental rat rhabdomyolysis model. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 179-185.
Rhabdomyolysis is associated with extensive muscle injury accompanied by the secondary renal failure due to myoglobin deposition in the kidney. It has been shown that administration of acetaminophen in a rat model of rhabdomyolysis was effective in improving renal function and decreased renal damage. In this study, the effects of flunixin meglumine administration in a rat model of rhabdomyolysis were investigated. Four groups of rats (8 rats in each group) were employed in this study. Group 1 served as control, the glycerol (Gly) group was given 50% glycerol (7 mL/kg, i.m.), saline-NSAID group received saline injection in place of glycerol and flunixin meglumine daily (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and Gly-NSAID group was given glycerol and flunixin meglumine. Ninety-six hours after glycerol injection, blood samples (2–3 mL) were collected by heart puncture. Serum concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in serum samples. Gly and Gly-NSAID groups had higher serum concentrations of creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST and CK than the control and saline-NSAID groups (P<0.05). The Gly-NSAID group had higher serum creatinine and BUN levels than the Gly group (P=0.022 and P=0.04, respectively). It seemed that flunixin meglumine administration decreased the muscle injury, however, it increased the renal damage and hence administration of flunixin meglumine in rhabdomyolysis cases needs more consideration.
Key words: flunixin meglumine, rat, rhabdomyolysis
Denkova, R. V. Yanakieva, Z. Denkova, V. Nikolova & V. Radeva, 2013. In vitro inhibitory activity of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains against candida albicans. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 186-197.
One of the requirements to probiotic cultures is to exhibit high antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this work was to determine the degree of suppression of Candida albicans by strains lactobacilli and bifidobacteria of human origin. Тhe antifungal activity of four strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria of human origin – Lactobacillus acidophilus A2, Lactobacillus acidophilus Ac, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus GB and Bifidobacterium bifidum sp. 4 – against Candida albicans NBIMCC 74 by co-cultivation under static conditions at 37°C in skimmed milk was studied. Despite the high concentration of viable cells of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria, all four strains restrained the growth of the pathogen (biostatic action) and by the 72nd hour of co-cultivation the pathogen retained high concentration of viable cells. The measured high titratable acidity during the co-cultivation of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria and the pathogen did not affect the growth of the pathogen. The performed studies are of potential importance in the treatment of candidiasis in humans and animals. The tested strains are a primary basis for the creation of probiotics for the treatment of these serious diseases.
Key words: antifungal activity, bifidobacteria, Candida albicans, joint cultivation, lactobacilli, probiotic
Safi, M., B. Albalaa & A. Al-Mariri, 2013. Prophylactic efficacy of some antibiotic combinations against Brucella melitensis 16M in BALB/c mice. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 198-207.
Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in Syria, affecting both humans and animals. Data regarding suitable antibiotic combinations in post-exposure prophylaxis against brucella melitensis infections are rare. Prophylactic effects of some antibiotic combinations were assessed in BALB/c mice, to limit or control infection by B. melitensis 16M. Antibiotics were administrated prior to (for 7 days), after or at the same time as (for 5 days) the bacterial administration. When a concentration of 104 CFU of bacteria was injected, doxycycline-rifampicin combination reduced the bacterial counts in the spleens of infected mice in all mice groups either 48 h our 30 days after the cessation of antibiotic treatment; whereas, all other combinations had almost good efficacy only 30 days after the cessation of antibiotic treatment. On another hand, only doxycycline-rifampicin and rifampicin-levofloxacin combinations had good efficacy 48 hours after the cessation of antibiotic treatment, when a concentration of 107 CFU of bacteria was injected. In conclusion, these results suggest that doxycycline-rifampicin combination, and may be doxycycline-ciprofloxacin and rifampicin-levofloxacin combinations, had good prophylactic efficacy against B. melitensis infections and may provide protection against these infections.
Key words: antibiotic combinations, Brucella melitensis, prophylaxis
Fathi, E., 2013. Protein expression in myocardium using basic-fibroblast growth factor loaded gel in an ovine model. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 208-216.
In this survey, protein expression was examined in both posterior noninfarct zone and infarct border zone (pre-infarct) of myocardium using polyvinyl alcohol–dextran (PVA–Dex) blend hydrogel incorporating basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Also, the effect of bFGF on angiogenesis in an ovine model of experimental acute myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated. Eight sheep were divided into two groups – group I (control without bFGF loaded patch) and group II (patch incorporating 100 mg bFGF) (n=4 each). All animals were subjected to coronary artery ligation (the second diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery) after lateral thoracotomy, and then the patches were implanted on the heart surface in the infarcted area 30 min after MI. The animals were sacrificed 2 months after implantation and the heart lysates were subjected to protein expression analysis through western blotting. Two months after implantation, the bFGF level was markedly higher in both the posterior noninfarct zone and infarct border zone in group II compared with group I (p<0.05). The results showed that sustained release of bFGF using PVA–Dex blend hydrogel strongly stimulated angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium. In conclusion, the slow release of bFGF using PVA–Dex gel augmented angiogenesis and it can be used as a sustained release construct for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischaemic heart disease.
Key words: basic-fibroblast growth factor, myocardial infarction, ovine model
Farjani Kish, Gh., A. Khodakaram-Tafti & A. Mohammadi, 2013. Serological survey of bovine viral diarrhoea virus by antigen capture ELISA in dairy herds in Fars province, Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 217-222.
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus from the Flaviviridae family occurs worldwide in cattle populations and causes considerable economic losses. The purpose of this study was to detect BVDV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in dairy herds. From blood samples routinely received for bovine viral diarrhoea diagnosis, 400 sera samples (from 12 industrial dairy herds) were examined in an antigen capture ELISA (ACE) using a commercial kit. BVDV antigen was detected in 16 cattle out of 400 tested (4%) and 8 of 12 farms (66.6%) were infected with BVD virus. Our study reveals that BVDV infection is widely present in industrial dairy herds in Fars province. Further investigations are needed for detection and eradication of the BVDV infection source (calves with persistent infection) in this region.
Key words: antigen capture ELISA, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, dairy herds, pestivirus
Rajesh, N. V., M. G. Jayathangaraj, R. Sridhar & M. Raman, 2013. Efficacy of herbal ectoparasiticides in captive rat snakes (ptyas mucosus) reared in india. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 3, 223-227.
The efficacy of herbal extracts from the plants Vitex negundo and Acorus calamus against tick infestation in rat snakes (Ptyas mucosus) maintained under captivity was studied and compared to that of Ivermectin. A total of 6 rat snakes affected with heavy tick infestation were taken for the study. Investigation of ectoparasites in snakes under captivity showed abundance of Aponomma sp. ticks. The anti-parasitic treatments were conducted with ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 μg/kg body weight, applied subcutaneously (n=2) and with herbal preparation from Vitex negundo (n=2) and Acorus calamus (n=2) at the dose of 0.05% aqueous solution applied on the body. Number of ticks was counted on day 0, day 3, day 5 and day 7, respectively for comparison of drug efficacy in a 10×5 cm2 area in four quadrants of the snake body (the fore quarter, the right and left abdomen and the tail part). It was concluded that in tick-infested rat snakes, herbal preparations from Vitex negundo (56.7%) and Acorus calamus (68.3%) showed no side effects but their efficacy did not reach that of Ivermectin (94.5%).
Key words: Acorus calamus, ectoparasites, Ivermectin, rat snake, Vitex negundo