ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 15, NUMBER 3, SEPTEMBER 2012
CONTENTS
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 15, Number 3, September 2012, Summaries
Sharaf, A., W. Eid & A. A. Abuel-Atta, 2012. Morphological aspects of the ostrich infundibulum and magnum. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 145-159.
The rationale of the current research work was to throw more light on the anatomy, the histological features as well as some histochemical aspects of the ostrich infundibulum and magnum at different developmental ages. Grossly, the infundibulum in immature ostrich chicks was not yet well differentiated into funnel and neck parts, but in laying ostrich hens it was subdivided into large infundibular funnel and neck regions. In addition the magnum was highly flexuous in laying hens. However microscopically, paraffin sections (5–7 µm thick) of infundibulum and magnum were stained and examined. We showed that the mucosa in both infundibulum and magnum was modified into variable mucosal folds, and the shape of the folds were region-dependent. As well as the branching and rebranching of mucosal folds and their complexity in shape increased with advancement of age. Furthermore, the mucosal glands started to appear in pre-laying ostriches as a glandular budding, which increased in number, size and branching, until they filled the whole mucosal folds leaving thin connective tissue strand submucosa. The present study described for the first time the developmental changes of ostrich infundibulum and magnum.
Key words: infundibulum, histochemistry, magnum, ostrich, oviduct
Dimitrov, D. S., 2012. Histometric investigation of the third eyelid gland in Mongolian pheasants (Phasianus colchicus mongolicus). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 160-165.
The study was conducted on 40 Harderian glands obtained from 20 (10 male and 10 female) adult clinically healthy Mongolian pheasants. The glands were weighed and measured before placement in fixation fluids. Permanent histological preparations were prepared from fixed glands using conventional techniques. Histometric studies of all microstructural elements of the glands were done with a light microscope with a built-in eyepiece micrometer. The histometric analysis showed that the average size of pheasant Harderian gland lobules was 285.42 μm. The average outer diameters were as followed: acini – 46.24 μm, secretory ducts - 48.73 μm, lobular ducts - 167.96 μm and gland excretory ducts – 272.28 μm. The histometric investigation of 13 microstructural elements of the gland allowed concluding that by the time of the commercial realisation of Mongolian pheasants, the Harderian gland was a structurally and functionally complete organ.
Key words: Harderian gland, histometry, pheasant
Ajadi, R. A., E. B. Otesile & O. B. Kasali, 2012. Short-term changes in lipid profile following experimental osteoarthritis in dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 166-171.
Changes in plasma lipid profile of dogs following experimental knee osteoarthritis (OA) were evaluated to determine the possible cardiovascular risk associated with OA in dogs. Ten dogs (mean weight 12.4 ± 1.8 kg) were used. Experimental OA was induced in the right knee, using the groove model and confirmed by radiography. Gait was assessed subjectively and respective gait scores (GAS) were assigned. Blood was obtained for determination of total plasma cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TRIG), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) fortnightly for twelve weeks. Radiographic scores (RAS), GAS, TC, TRIG, HDL and LDL were compared by means of ANOVA. Correlation between parameters was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The blood TC of the dogs progressively decreased from week 4 to week 12 of OA. The TRIG however, decreased progressively from the baseline values up to the second week and thereafter, there were no significant differences up to week 12. The LDL decreased progressively from the baseline value until the 10th week, while the HDL decreased progressively from baseline up to week 2 of experimental knee OA, and thereafter increased until the 10th week. It was therefore concluded that there were no significant changes in the lipid profile of dogs following experimental OA. However, these changes might be related to the duration of observation period.
Key words: cholesterol, dog, lipoproteins, osteoarthritis, triglycerides
Hedayati, A., H. Kolangi, A. Jahanbakhshi & F. Shaluei, 2012. Evaluation of silver nanoparticles ecotoxicity in Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 172-177.
Recently, commercial nanometer sized silver is extensively used for its antibacterial effect; however, nanoparticles may also have ecotoxicological effects after being discharged into aquatic ecosystems. Nanometer sized silver can flow into water ecosystems, where it can exert a variety of physiologically effects in aquatic animals, including fish. The current research aimed to examine the effect of nanometer sized Iranian commercial nanosilver (Nanocid®) on the mortality response of two freshwater fish species – Silver Carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and define the relationship between nanoparticle toxicity concentration and survival of these species. Fish were exposed to nanometer sized silver at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 ppm. LC50 was determined with probit analysis. The LC50 in goldfish (0.53 ppm) was higher than that of silver carps (0.34 ppm). Increased mortality was concomitantly observed with exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which suggests that AgNPs could accumulate in aquatic environments and seriously disturb the development of fish species.
Key words: acute test, fish, mortality, nanotechnology
Doosti, A., R. Ahmadi & A. Arshi, 2012. PCR detection of leptospirosis in Iranian camels. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 178-183.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira with a worldwide distribution, reported in humans and over 150 mammalian species. The camels reared in Iran are animals with a unique physiological constitution, resistant to many infectious diseases, but affected with leptospirosis. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of Leptospira infection in camels in Iran by molecular methods. One hundred and thirty camel blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR reaction was performed for detection of Leptospira DNA using specific primers for Leptospira 16s rRNA gene. The frequency of leptospiral DNA in camel blood samples was 19 of 130 (14.61%). Leptospirosis may become more important in camels with the increasing trend towards intensive dairy camel production in some countries like Iran. Considering that the majority of leptospirosis cases in men were due to association of men with animals and disease-infected environment and according to present findings, the examination of camels for Leptospira infection seems to be necessary for control and prevention of leptospirosis.
Key words: 16s rRNA gene, camel, Iran, Leptospira, PCR
Seifi, S., 2012. Seroprevalence and isolation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler flocks in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 184-190.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of seropositive broiler flocks against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and biochemical identification of this bacterium in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Tracheal and serum samples were collected from 45 broiler flocks at farms and slaughter houses. From 450 tracheal samples, 12 (2.6%) ORT isolates were identified using biochemical tests. Of the 450 serum samples, 320 (71.1%) samples were positive for antibodies to ORT by ELISA. Results of this study indicated the presence of ORT and high prevalence of antibodies against ORT infection in north of Iran.
Key words: broilers, ELISA, Iran, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, seroprevalence
Koudri, M. F. Benchaib Khoudja, A. Boulkaboul & M. Selles, 2012. Prevalence, fertility and viability of cystic echinococcosis in sheep and cattle of Algeria. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 191-197.
A total of 1973 sheep and 799 cattle were examined at the Tiaret abattoir in order to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE). Echinococcus granulosis metacestodes were found in 25.66% of cattle and 3.8% of sheep. The rates of lungs and liver CE were 8.29% and 6.34% in cattle, respectively, and 17.33% and 34.66% in sheep, respectively. However, the prevalence of co-infection (liver and lungs) was the highest with 85.36% in cattle and 48% in sheep. The fertility rate of the cysts was significantly greater (P<0.05) in sheep than in cattle with 72.45% and 7.04% respectively. The viable protoscoleces of fertile cysts in sheep were also significantly more numerous (P<0.05) than in cattle with 61.22% and 4.22% respectively. These findings reflect the life cycle maintenance and the transmission of the cestode Echinococcus granulosis from definitive hosts (dogs) to intermediate hosts (sheep and cattle) in Tiaret region and prompt plans for further epidemiological studies and control programmes.
Key words: cattle, cystic echinococcosis, fertility, sheep, viability
Parvanov, P., D. Dinkov & C. Tananaki, 2012. Invertase activity and carbohydrate spectrum of organic acacia and polyfloral honey after one-year storage. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 198-205.
The invertase activity and carbohydrate spectrum of organic acacia and polyfloral honeys produced in the South Stara Planina region (Republic of Bulgaria) were investigated. After one year of storage at a temperature up to 25 °С, a mild reduction in invertase activity (3.9–4.79%) has occurred in polyfloral honey. The activity of this enzyme decreased considerably in acacia honey (15.16%). The average content of carbohydrates of acacia honey after one-year storage was: fructose – 42.76±1.24 g/100 g, glucose – 27.5±1.11 g/100 g, fructose/glucose ratio – 1.55±0.05, sucrose – 0.60±0.63 g/100 g, turanose – 1.18±0.21 g/100 g, maltose – 0.54±0.36 g/100 g, trehalose – 0.28±0.04 g/100 g. The respective carbohydrates in polyfloral honey were fructose (41.16±0.81 g/100 g), glucose (27.11±0.85 g/100 g), fructose/glucose ratio (1.51±0.07), sucrose (0.14±0.20 g/100 g), turanose (1.17±0.26 g/100 g), maltose (0.90±0.69 g/100 g), trehalose (0.65±0.19 g/100 g). Neither melibiose nor melezitose were established in both types of honey.
Key words: bee honey, carbohydrate spectrum, invertase, organic produce
Parvanov, P. & D. Dinkov, 2012. More insight into organic bee honey processing, storage and shelf life. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 3, 206-210.
Bee honey produced in organic apiculture conditions should be natural, without contaminations and with the product-specific quality traits. Available sources specifying the requirements for organically produced honey lack some specific details related to the processing, storage and sales of the product. Factors, influencing the quality of organic bee honey are described. More specific requirements to the processing and storage conditions, and shelf life of this unique food product are proposed with regard to preservation of its natural physical, chemical, organoleptic and antibacterial quality traits.
Key words: bee honey, organic produce, processing, storage