ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 11, No 1, MARCH, 2008
CONTENTS
|
3 |
I. PENCHEV GEORGIEV |
|
13 |
I. Zarkov |
|
21 |
A.
TOLEKOVA
& K. YANKOV |
|
31 |
А.
Vodenicharov |
|
37 |
I. D.
Stevanović,
M.
D. Jovanović, A. Jelenković,
M.
Čolić,
I. Stojanović & M. Ninković |
|
49 |
O. KESER, T.
BILAL & H.CAN KUTAY |
|
55 |
R. C.Yadav,
A. Sharma, N. Garg & G. N. Purohit |
|
65 |
M. A. Al-Dubaib
& O. M. Mahmoud |
Published by the Trakia
University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 11, Number 1, March 2008, Summaries
Penchev Georgiev, I., 2008. Differences in chemical composition between cow colostrum and milk. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 3-12.
The aim of the present paper is to review the differences in chemical composition between colostrum and milk in cows. The concentrations of many nutrients (proteins, vitamins, minerals etc.) and biologically active substances (immunoglobulins, enzymes, hormones, growth factors etc.) are many times higher in colostrum than in milk. A special attention is given to insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) - the predominant growth factors in the colostrum of cows (especially in the first portions) unlike many other species and men. Furthermore, IGF-1 and IGF-2 are the most important factors stimulating tissue and body growth and development in newborn calves.
Key words: chemical composition, colostrum, cows, insulin-like growth factors, milk
Zarkov, I., 2008. Ecological features of influenza A virus infection in wild birds. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 13-20.
The relationship between the biological distinctive features of wild migratory birds and the ecology of influenza A virus in nature is revealed. On the basis of literature data and personal research, the importance of viral carriers with regard to the prevalence of the virus among the wild birds species, the seasonal variations, age-rated susceptibility, subtype distribution and the transmission in wild and domestic birds are reviewed.
Key words: avian influenza virus, subtypes, epidemiology, wild birds
Tolekova, A. & K. Yankov, 2008. Mathematical model of plasma renin activity after nifedipine treatment. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 21-29.
A mathematical model of plasma renin activity after nifedipine treatment is developed. The system identification of the process is done applying the cyclic coordinate descent as optimization procedure. The model allows predicting the effects of different drug doses and permits the researcher to examine the behaviour of the system under all conceivable conditions.
Key words: mathematical model, plasma renin activity, renin angiotensin system, system identification
Vodenicharov, А., 2008. Mast cells in autonomic ganglia and nerves and in small blood vessels in the renal hilus of domestic swine. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 31-36.
After toluidine blue staining and polychromatic staining, mast cells were observed in autonomic ganglia and nerves on histological and semithin cross sections, as well as in the wall of small vessels located in the renal hilus, around the renal artery and vein and their first branches. The light microscopy revealed that mast cells were situated among the pseudounipolar nerve cells of ganglia, inside the autonomic fibres and in their perineurium. In small blood vessels, mast cells were located in the wall of arterioles and small arteries and near the wall of venules and small veins. Mast cells were also observed in the connective and adipose tissues of the renal hilus. The data of the present study allowed us to suggest that mast cells were involved in the function of mentioned structures via the biologically active substances, secreted by them.
Key words: ganglia, mast cells, nerves, renal hilus, small blood vessels, swine
Stevanović, I. D., M. D. Jovanović, A. Jelenković, M. Čolić, I. Stojanović & M. Ninković, 2008. The effect of 7-nitroindazole on aluminium toxicity in the rat brain. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 37-47.
We investigated the influence of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor in vivo, on nitrite concentration, superoxide production and superoxide dismutase activity in AlCl3-treated Wistar rats. The observed biochemical changes in neuronal tissues showed that aluminium served as pro-oxidant, while 7-NI had antioxidant effects in AlCl3-treated animals. The protective effects of 7-NI against the cellular damage caused by AlCl3-induced oxidative stress, together with its low toxicity, make 7-NI worthy of investigation as a potential supplement in the treatment of neurological disorders in which the oxidative stress effects have to be minimized.
Key words: 7-nitroindazole, aluminium, nitric oxide, superoxide, superoxide dismutase
Keser, O., T. Bilal & H. Can Kutay, 2008. The effect of different dietary crude protein level on performance and serum immunoglobulin G in male Kivircik lambs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 49-54.
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) level on serum immunonoglobulin G (IgG) and the performance in male lambs. Twenty Kivircik male lambs were randomly selected for this experiment. Ages ranged between 120-135 days and average body weight was 29.01±3.65 kg. Ten lambs were randomly assigned to each of the two experimental diets containing 10% CP and 18% CP respectively, to determine the effects of dietary CP level on performance and serum IgG. Live body weights and daily body weight gains were greater (P<0.05) for lambs fed the 18% CP diet compared to lambs fed 10% CP diet on days 30 and 60. Body weights for lambs fed 10% CP and 18% CP were 33.36 ± 1.53 kg and 38.63 ± 1.74 kg (day 30), and 37.20 ± 1.30 kg and 43.05 ± 1.05 kg (day 60); respectively. Cumulative feed intakes of groups were similar. Serum IgG values of lambs fed 10% CP (2.79 ± 0.31 mg/ml) were higher (P< 0.05) than those in the other group (1.98 ± 0.17 mg/ml) on day 0. Differences between serum IgG values on day 30 and 60 were not statistically significant.
Key words: crude protein, immunoglobulin, Kivircik lamb, performance
Yadav, R. C., A. Sharma, N. Garg & G. N. Purohit, 2008. Survival of vitrified water buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes and their subsequent development in vitro. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 55-64.
The study aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations of glycerol and ethylene glycol and ultrarapid cryopreservation (vitrification) on survival and subsequent in vitro development of bubaline cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) in order to recognize the optimum cryoprotectant. Survival and in vitro maturation, fertilization and cleavage of buffalo COCs was evaluated subsequent to their cryopreservation by vitrification. The vitrification solution (VS) consisted of Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) supplemented with 0.5 M sucrose, 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and different molar (M) concentrations of the cryoprotectants glycerol (G) (4 M, 6 M, 8 M and 10 M), ethylene glycol (EG) (4 M, 6 M, 8 M and 10 M) and their combinations (2 M G + 2 M EG, 3 M G + 3 M EG, 4 M G + 4 M EG and 5 M G + 5 M EG). The COCs were pre-equilibrated in 50% of the VS for 3-5 min, then kept in VS for 1 min and loaded in pre-sterilized 0.25 mL semen straws. After 7-10 days of storage COCs were warmed (38 oC for 5 s) and evaluated for morphological damage. Morphologically normal COCs were cultured in vitro and evaluated for nuclear maturation (n=847), fertilization (n=621) and cleavage (n=1451) in two separate experiments. The survival of oocytes was 86.4% and 89.6% in experiment 1 and 2. The highest proportion of normal oocytes was seen in 6 M EG and the lowest - in 10 M G in both experiments. The in vitro maturation of oocytes at the end of experiment 1, and the in vitro fertilization and cleavage at the end of experiment 2, were significantly lower in all tested vitrification cryoprotectants compared to control. A dose-dependant increase in the proportion of oocytes matured, fertilized or cleaved was seen for both G and EG up to concentrations of 8 M. There was no specific benefit of combining G and EG on the subsequent in vitro maturation, fertilization and cleavage of oocytes. At equal concentrations EG proved to be a better cryoprotectant than G. It was concluded that there appeared to be a limit to the concentration of the cryoprotectant (8 M) beyond which the cryoprotectant exerted suboptimal effects and that there was no benefit of combining two similar cryoprotectants for cryopreservation of oocytes by vitrification.
Key words: buffalo, ethylene glycol, glycerol, oocytes, vitrification
Al-Dubaib, M. A. & O. M. Mahmoud, 2008. Paratuberculosis of goats at Qassim region of central Saudi Arabia. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 11, No 1, 65-69.
A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of Johne's disease (JD) in goat flocks at Qassim region, central Saudi Arabia. Cases of JD were recorded in eighteen out of 90 goat herds (20%) (n = 2610). All infected goats were adult of more than 3 years of age. Twelve herds had single cases, while the other 6 herds presented more than one affected animal (range 2-5). The total number of confirmed JD cases was 29 which amounted to 1.11% of the total number of goats in the original 90 herds. Nine goats at extremis were humanely killed and autopsied. The lesions of the disease were confined to the intestine and the liver, with one animal showing remote pancreatic involvement. Gross lesions were enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and thickened corrugated intestinal mucosa. The pancreas was fluffy white. Histopathological examination showed infiltration of the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes with epithelioid cells. The liver had two types of granulomas: a lepromatous type (which was more dominant), and a tuberculoid type that was characterized by presence of Langhans giant cells. There was a massive destruction of the exocrine pancreas in one goat. Clumps of short slender acid-fast bacilli were isolated in pure culture on Herrold's egg yolk agar medium from faeces and various lesions including the liver granuloma. The organism was identified as Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on the basis of its slow growth and strict mycobactin dependence.
Key words: goats, Johne's disease, remote lesion, Saudi Arabia