Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 9, No 3, SEPTEMBER, 2006
CONTENTS
159
FULL TextA. T. Atanasov
Linear allometric relationship between total metabolic energy per life span and body mass of terrestrial mammals in captivity175
FULL TEXTB. F. Shuljak
Lentiviruses in ungulates. I. General features, history and prevalence183
FULL TEXTP. V. DZHELEBOV, M. J. ANDONOVA, V. S. URUMOVA
& E. P. SLAVOV
Hydrogen peroxide production of neutrophils during staphylococcal infection in obese dogs189
FULL TEXTT. Kokosharov
Changes in the protein profile in birds with experimental acute fowl typhoid193
FULL TEXTP. N. PRELEZOV & V. TS. kOINARSKI
Species variety and population structure of Mallophaga (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on chickens in the region of Stara Zagora201
FULL TEXT211
FULL TEXTR. SIMEONOV & D. STOIKOV
Study on the correlation between the cytological and histological tests in the diagnostics of canine spontaneous mammary neoplasmsPublished by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 9, Number 3, September 2006, Summaries
Atanasov, A.T., 2006. Linear allometric relationship between total metabolic energy per life span and body mass of terrestrial mammals in captivity. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 9, No 3, 159-174.
The bioenergetic studies on animals have shown that basal metabolic rate P (kJ/d), is related to the body mass M (kg) of animals as expressed by the equation: P = aMk, where a and k are allometric coefficients. The aim of this study was to investigate the allometric relationship between the total metabolic energy per life span Pls =PTls, where Tls is the life span, and the body mass of terrestrial mammals in captivity. Using statistical analyses it was shown that in 86 terrestrial mammals (Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria), a linear relationship between total metabolic energy per life span (PTls, kJ) and body mass (M, kg) existed: PTls= A+ls M0.968, where Tls (d) is the life span of animals in captivity in days, calculated from formula of Sacher Tls(y)= 11.8´M0.20 and the linear coefficient A+ls = 11.407´105 kJ/kg is the total metabolic energy, expended during the life span per 1 kg body mass of animals with physical dimension of “potential”. This linear coefficient can be regarded as relatively constant metabolic parameter for all terrestrial mammals, in spite of 6-degree differences between basal metabolic rate and body mass of animals. A mean values of linear coefficient Āls for 13 studied orders (Monotremata, Didelphimorphia, Dasyuromorphia, Peramelemorphia, Diprotodontia, Xenarthra, Pholidota, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Chiroptera, Primates) grow from 5.6×105 kJ/kg in Didelphimorphia to 18.1x105 kJ/kg in Monkeys. It was shown that from the view of classical physics, the basal metabolic rate could be expressed as: P = (Als ach M)/Rch , where Als – total metabolic energy per life span, per 1kg body mass, Rch = body (volume/surface) ratio of organisms and ach= Rch/Tls (m/s) - characteristics speed with values 5×10-10÷2×10-11 (m/s). The conventional ‘metabolic force’ Fmet=P/ach=(AlsM)/Rch, related to basal metabolic rate P, was expressed as a function of metabolic potential (Als), body mass (M) and conventional length (Rch), which is characteristics length for every organism.
Key words: force, gravitation, life span, mammals, metabolic energy
Shuljak, B. F., 2006. Lentiviruses in ungulates. I. General features, history and prevalence. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 9, No 3, 175-181.
In this part of the review the history of studies and information about the prevalence of five lentivirus infections (equine infectious anaemia, maedi-visna disease, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, bovine immunodeficiency and Jembrana disease) is provided.
Key words: cattle, goat, horse, lentiviruses, sheep
Dzhelebov P. V., M. J. Andonova, V. S. Urumova & E. P. Slavov, 2006. Hydrogen peroxide production of neutrophils during staphylococcal infection in obese dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 9, No 3, 183-188.
Experimental Staphylococcus infection was induced in obese and non-obese mongrel dogs, at the age of 4-7 years in order to study its effects on reactive oxygen species (H2O2) production of neutrophils, which are one of cell components of innate immunity. Prior to infection, dogs of experimental group I (obese dogs), were submitted to overfeeding with a high-fat diet for a period of 3 months in order to induce experimental obesity. Both the experimental group II (non-obese dogs) and the control group were fed a standard maintenance diet. Staphylococcus infection was induced in dogs of groups I and II by subcutaneous application of bacterial suspension of Staphylococcus intermedius. Neutrophil counts and their phagocytic activity (measured by H2O2 production) were estimated at the following time intervals: initial levels (before infection - hour 0), hours 3, 24, 48 and days 7 and 14 after infection. In non-obese dogs, leukocyte counts increased by the 24th and 48th hours and were higher up to 7th day; neutrophil counts were higher from the 3rd hour up to 7th day; H2O2 production of neutrophils augmented and was significantly higher on hour 24 (as compared to controls) and on day 14 (as compared to initial levels). In obese individuals leukocyte counts were also higher on hours 24, 48 and on day 7; neutrophil counts were elevated from the 3rd hour up to the 14th day; but H2O2 production decreased significantly by hours 3 and 24.
Key words: dog, infection, neutrophil ROS production, obesity, Staphylococcus intermedius
Kokosharov T., 2006. Changes in the protein profile in birds with experimental acute fowl typhoid. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 9, No 3, 189-192.
It was observed that the total protein in liver and blood serum decreased significantly during the course of experimental oral infection with Salmonella gallinarum in 6-month old chickens. Six serum protein fractions were identified. Albumin, a liver-synthesized fraction, followed the tendency of total protein change; α2 globulins were increased, β- and γ2 globulins – considerably reduced compared to non-infected control birds. The combined effect of these changes resulted in lower albumin/globulin ratio (0.14). The development of the experimental infection was accompanied by hypoproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia.
Key words: chickens, experimental infection, protein fractions, Salmonella gallinarum, total protein
Prelezov, P. N. & V. Ts. Koinarski, 2006. Species variety and population structure of Mallophaga (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on chickens in the region of Stara Zagora. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 9, No 3, 193-200.
A study on the species variety of the Mallophaga on domestic chickens in the region of Stara Zagora was performed. In the period of 1994–2003, a total of 647 birds from both genders from breeds prevalent in the region were studied, in 64 small private farms utilizing extensive rearing technologies. Biting lice infestation was found out in 589 birds. A total of 21 462 individuals of the Mallophaga group were collected and identified. They were determined to belong to 4 species of the Phthiraptera order: Menopon gallinae (Linné, 1758), Eomenacanthus stramineus (Mönnig, 1934), Menacanthus cornutus (Schömmer, 1913), and Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer, 1778). Dominating among them was M. gallinae (35.9 % of all identified Mallophaga), followed by G. gallinae (25.8 %), and E. stramineus (23.3 %), while M. cornutus had the lowest share of occurrence (15.0 %). The population structure of each proven species of biting lice was established. The species variety of Mallophaga on chickens was relatively poor, constant, and not varying in time, which can be explained with the absence of considerable climatic differences within the boundaries of the tested region.
Key words: biting lice, chewing lice, chickens, Mallophaga, Phthiraptera
Tsokova, L. T., 2006. Influence of the enzyme phytase on the clinical status, some plasma macroelements and the histostructure of femur and tibia in chickens. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 9, No 3, 201-209.
Two experiments with 90 growing chickens at the age of 30 days: 50 broilers (4 experimental groups and 1 control group) (experiment I), and 40 commercial chickens (3 experimental groups and 1 control group) (experiment II), divided into groups of ten were carried out. The aim of the experiments was to establish the optimal levels of the enzyme phytase in the daily rations of chickens, without disturbing their mineral homeostasis. Different amounts of the enzyme (as the product Natuphos) were added to the chickens’ diet for 60 days. The plasma concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase were studied; also, histological investigations of femoral and tibial specimens on the 30th and 60th day from the start of the treatment were done. We found that, after treatment, the chickens of the two experiments exhibited increased levels of calcium and inorganic phosphate, while the activity of the alkaline phosphatase was significantly lowered. The histological study of femur and tibia showed a thinned compacta and enlargement of the central (Haversian) canals in the broiler chickens at the end of the trials. The results showed that in broiler chickens, phytase supplementation was favourable at 750-1500 FTU/kg food up to the age of 60 days, while for commercial chickens the respective dosage was 1250 FTU/kg food up to the age of 90 days, without addition of dicalcium phosphate.
Key words: bone histology, growing chickens, minerals, phytase
Simeonov, R. & D. Stoikov, 2006. Study on the correlation between the cytological and histological tests in the diagnostics of canine spontaneous mammary neoplasms. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 9, No 3, 211-219.
In the current study, the correlation between cytological and histological diagnoses in the study of 70 cases of spontaneous canine mammary tumours was investigated. This comparison was performed only with regard to the malignancy and the type of the neoplastic formations. Of all tested tumours, a correct cytological diagnosis was established for 57 of them (81.4%), while an incorrect diagnosis was established for 13 (18.6%). Of all tested tumours, there were 5 (7.1%) false positive results, and 8 (11.4%) false negative results. From a total of 13 benign tumours, the cytological diagnosis was correct for 11 tumours (84.6%). There were 2 false positive diagnoses among them, which constituted 15.4% of all benign tumours. From a total of 57 malignant tumours, the diagnosis was correct for 46 of them (80.7%). There were 3 false positive and 8 false negative diagnoses, which constituted 5.3% and 14.0% of the total number, respectively.
Key words: cytological diagnostics, dogs, mammary gland, tumours