Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 8, No 4, DECEMBER, 2005
CONTENTS
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 8, Number 4, December 2005, Summaries
N. V. Georgieva, 2005. Ecological oxidative balance and antioxidants – a review. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 4, 213-226.
High amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate removal of ROS result in oxidative stress. In a state of oxidative stress that is accompanied by disrupted ecological oxidative balance (EOB), biological systems are not at optimal ecological protection against toxic oxidative assaults. An impaired EOB leads to failure in ecological protection from assaults by oxidative radicals that cause a number of toxic effects. The presence of oxidative stress in the organism, and therefore violation of the EOB, has been shown to occur via level products arising from lipid peroxidation and damages of antioxidant enzymes. EOB, like any other system balance phenomenon, is dynamic and is possible to restore to homeostatic reset with the help of proper ways and means like antioxidants as SH7 and SH8 (analogues of isoniazid) synthesized in our laboratory.
Key words: antioxidants, ecological oxidative balance (EOB), isoniazid, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Georgieva, S., Ts. Yablanski, P. Georgiev, D. Yarkov & M. Oblakova, 2005. Reciprocal translocations and reproductive capacity in rabbits following external gamma irradiation. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 4, 227-232.
The induction of reciprocal translocations (RT) and the reproductive capacity in sexually mature male New Zealand White rabbits were followed out after external gamma irradiation within the dose range of 0.5 Gy - 2.5 Gy.
The analysis of results about the litter size in irradiated males, mated with non-irradiated females as a marker of their reproductive capacity, performed 30 days after the irradiation, showed a reduction with 20% and on the 40th day - by 46%. Spermatozoa, irradiated in post spermatogonial cell stages were tested within post irradiation days 10 and 40. The cytogenetical data of irradiated spermatogonia and the mutations at the stage spermatocyte in diakinesis metaphase I evidenced the presence of ring and chain quadrivalents, the incidence of RT being higher after irradiation at 2.5 Gy.
Key words: ionized radiation, radiation mutagenesis, reciprocal translocations, reproduction, spermatogenesis
Georgiev, P. I., А. Wehrend, М. А. Dimitrov, S. А.Yotov, N. Y. Vassilev, F. К. Dimitrov & H. Bostedt, 2005. Aspects of ultrasonic diagnostics of pregnancy in cats depending on the course of reproductive cycle. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 4, 233-238.
The aim of the present study was to follow up the potential of routine ultrasonographic diagnostics of pregnancy in cats depending on the course of oestrus and the mating. The experiments were performed on 22 cats and the data were collected from a total of 31 oestral cycles and 26 confirmed pregnancies. Pregnancy was detected using transabdominal ultrasonography with an Aloca-SSD 500 equipment and a linear 5 MHz probe. Depending on the reproductive cycle, the animals were divided into 2 groups. The first group included 17 cats with diagnosed pregnancy by the 25th day of the beginning of the oestrus. The second group included 5 cats where the diagnosis pregnancy was preceded by 2 oestruses. Our studies indicated that the course of the oestrus influenced considerably the precision of ultrasonographic diagnostics of pregnancy in cats. In 92.3% of all cases, the first observed copulation could be accepted as the beginning of pregnancy, in 88.4 % - the first mating during the last observed oestrus. In 8% of cases, the time interval between the beginning of gestation and the last mating was shorter compared to the period from the first mating to fertilization.
Key words: cat, oestrus, pregnancy, ultrasonography
Kirkova, Z. & I. Dinev, 2005. Morphological changes in the intestine of dogs, experimentally infected with Trichuris vulpis. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 4, 239-243.
In 11 dogs, experimentally infected with Trichuris vulpis, the course of localization of larvae and sexually mature parasites during the different stages of their development in hosts as well as the induced histopathological changes in small and large intestine were monitored. It was found out that up to the 15th day after the infection, T. vulpis larvae developed into small intestinal mucosa and were localized over lamina muscularis mucosae. Afterwards, the larvae reached their sexual maturity in the caecum and the colon. A penetration of the anterior thin part of the parasite into caecal submucosa was observed only in a very heavy infection.
Histopathological changes were observed during all stages of parasite’s development.
Key words: dogs, histological changes, Trichuris vulpis
Mantis, F. N., I. Tsachev, O. Sabatakou, A. R. Burriel, A. Vacalopoulos & S. B. Ramantanis, 2005. Safety and shelf-life of widely distributed vacuum packed, heat treated sausages. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 4, 245-254.
The hygienic status of Greek vacuum-packed, heat-treated sausages kept at 7 0C was evaluated. Six types of widely consumed products (whole and sliced) were investigated from the date of production to the time of sensory defects development. Shelf life was shorter than the recommended sell-by-date for all products examined. The starting pH values and water activity were between 5.8 to 6.4 and 0.95 to 0.97 respectively. The initial total plate counts and lactic acid bacteria colony forming unites were higher for the sliced products than the whole piece ones and they were correlated positively with the end of shelf life. Potential human pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and sulfite reducing clostridia (Clostridium perfringens) were not isolated from any of the products, but Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp., probable contaminants during handling, were present. The evidence supports the shortening of the recommended sell-by-date and stringent HACCP measures after the heat treatment of the sausage mass.
Key words: bacteria, sausage, shelf life, total counts
Sharif, L., A. Massadeh, R. Dalal’eh & M. Hassan, 2005. Copper and mercury levels in local Jordanian and imported sheep meat and organs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 8, No 4, 255-263.
A total of two hundred and forty random samples were evenly collected from mutton, liver and kidney of 40 local (Group A) and 40 imported (group B) sheep - 40 of each tissue from each sheep group. The samples were freshly collected from sheep 12-18 months old and slaughtered in abattoirs in Jordan in 2002. Moreover, another 40 fresh mutton samples of imported sheep (group C) were collected from different markets. The samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to estimate their contents of Cu and Hg. Results indicated that imported mutton group B had significantly higher (P<0.05) mean values of Cu and Hg pollution than the local and imported group C muttons. The mean concentration of Cu and Hg in the liver of imported sheep (group B) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that recorded in the liver and kidney of local sheep. The percentages of local, imported group B and imported group C mutton that exceeded the permissible limit of Cu (20 mg/kg) were 5%, 27.5% and 0.00% respectively. However, mutton samples that contained Hg above permissible limit (0.5 mg/kg) were recorded only in imported sheep from group B at a rate of 7.5%. The reproducibility and accuracy of the results obtained have been studied, judging from quality control (QC) samples and reproducible results. The between run precision and accuracy of the calibration standards were < 5% to the relative standard deviation. The effect of Cu and Hg on animal and human health is discussed.
Key words: copper, mercury, meat, heavy metal pollution