Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 7, No 1, MARCH, 2004
CONTENTS
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 7, Number 1, March 2004, Summaries
Ganeva, D. J., 2004. Analysis of the Bulgarian tabanid fauna with regard to its potential for epidemiological involvement. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 1-8.
A brief review of literature about the role of tabanids as biological and mechanical vectors of infections on domestic animals is made and the potential of the epidemiological involvement of the Bulgarian tabanid fauna is analysed. It is stated that the commonly distributed in Bulgaria Chrysops caecutiens (L.), Hybomitra ciureai (Seg.), Tabanus autumnalis L., T. bovinus L., T. bromius L. and Haematopota pluvialis (L.) are vectors of all or of some of the following diseases: tularaemia, anthrax, trypanozomiases, anaplasmosis and brucellosis. The high number of T.autumnalis, T. bromius and H. pluvialis, and H. ciureai in some regions, as well as their continuous active period (from 3-4 to 5 months), are a true prerequisite for an active participation in epidemiological process as vectors and spreaders of infectious agents. The high incidence of those species in several regions in Bulgaria is a signal for potential epidemiological foci and the lack of similar studies up to now in Bulgaria motivated our interest in this direction.
Key words: infectious diseases, invasive diseases, potential foci, tabanids, vectors
Georgieva, N., V. Gadjeva and D. Dimitrova, 2004. Study on the influence of isoniazid alone or combined with newsynthetized isoniazid structural analogues upon catalase activity. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 9-16.
The in vivo influence of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid, INH), a medicine used in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis and that of isoniazid combined with its structural analogues, synthetized by us: N-isonicotinoyl-N´-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzal)hydrazone (SH7) and N-isonicotinoyl-N´-(3-etoxy-2-hydroxybenzal)hydrazone (SH8), both with a proven antioxidant and tuberculostatic activity, on the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase, was tested under conditions of acute isoniazid toxicity. The data showed a statistically significant decrease in catalase levels in murine liver homogenates under conditions of acute INH toxicity compared to control untreated mice (30.176 ± 7.30 CAT U/mg Pr vs 47.07 ± 16.49 CAT U/mg Pr, p=0.03). Following the treatment of experimental mice with INH combined with isonicotinoylhydrazones SH7 and SH8, liver homogenate catalase activities were similar to those in controls. There was not a statistically significant difference in catalase activities for the following combinations: INH i.p. at 151 mg/kg + SH7 p.o. at 30 mg/kg (39.964 ± 15.45 CAT U/mg Pr) and INH i.p. at 151 mg/kg + SH8 p.o. at 30 mg/kg (39.585 ± 13.53 CAT U/mg Pr), compared to activities in controls (47.07 ± 16.49 CAT U/mg Pr).
Key words: antioxidants, catalase, isoniazid, isonicotinoylhydrazones, reactive oxygen species
Dimitrova, D. J., L. D. Lashev, H. D. Hubenov and I. Terzieva, 2004. Study on the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 17-23.
The pharmacokinetics of 4% tobramycin sulfate solution following a single i.v. application to six adult dogs (3 from each gender) at the dose of 3 mg/kg was investigated. The blood plasma antibiotic levels were determined using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as a test microorganism. The limit of quantification was 0.010 mg/mL. Plasma tobramycin pharmacokinetics was analysed via the compartmental and non-compartmental methods using a computer program (Topfit v. 2.0). The pharmacokinetic model was chosen by means of the Akaike’s information criterion (AIC).
The determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of tobramycin in aqueous humour was done by the non-compartmental pharmacokinetic method.
After the single intravenous injection of tobramycin sulfate, its plasma biological half-life calculated according to the non-compartmental and the compartmental methods was 1.30±0.20 h and 0.87±0.09 h respectively. The total body clearance was 0.97±0.08 mL/min/kg and 0.91±0.20 mL/min/kg and the area under the concentration-time curve - 54.05±4.68 and 57.59±5.32 mg.h/mL respectively. The steady-state volume of distribution was 0.06±0.01 L/kg (via both methods).
Peak tobramycin concentrations in aqueous humour (2.24±0.29 mg/mL) were attained by hour 2 after the intravenous application. The biological half-life of tobramycin in aqueous humour was 3.04±0.21 h. The ratio of AUC0®¥ values of aqueous humour and those of blood plasma, was 0.25.
Key words: aqueous humour, dogs, pharmacokinetics, tobramycin
Russenov, A. and Y. Nikolov, 2004. Clinical biochemistry and electrocardiographic investigations upon acute urea intoxication in sheep. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 25-33.
The studies were performed on 5 female sheep at the age of 5-6 years, from a local breed, weighing 45-52 êg. An acute urea intoxication was provoked via the application of 0.3 g/kg chemically pure urea (corresponding to 3/20 îf LD50), mixed to concentrated forage. The clinical chemistry and ECG parameters were monitored at days 3 and 0 prior to and at hours 2, 4, 6 and 12 (for clinical chemistry also at hours 36 and 72) post treatment.
During the course of the acute urea intoxication, hyperkalaemia, hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia occurred, best manifested by the 2nd hour (7.2±0.4 mmol/L, 4.2±0.7 mmol/L, and 1.8±0.2 mmol/L respectively; p<0.05).
ECG changes were characterized with highest deviations in T wave amplitude and in a lesser extent – in its duration. By hour 2, a considerable T wave negativity occurred in standard lead I, when the negative peak amplitude was attained (0.53±0.075 mV). Similar changes were observed in lead aVL, where the T-wave was negative again. Significant changes in heart rate (tachycardia), shortened R-R interval, ST and TP segments and increased systolic parameter were also observed, most apparent 2 hours after the intoxication.
Borissov, I., N. Uzunov and M. Paskalev, 2004. Clinical and radiological studies upon a combined method for guided bone regeneration in experimental mandibular defects in dogs - a preliminary communication. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 35-44.
Investigations were carried out on 12 mixed-breed dogs aged 18-24 months with an uniform body weight and gender, put under similar conditions of housing and feeding. In all dogs, 36 mandibular bone defects were produced by extraction of the second premolar and the first molar. Thus, 3 bone defects were created in each dog: one from the first premolar alveolus and two - corresponding to alveoli of both roots of the second molar. The defects were randomly assigned to 4 groups (groups À, Â, Ñ and D). Groups C and D were further divided into subgroups (Ñ1,Ñ2 and D1,D2). The first group of defects (group À) were covered only with mucoperiosteal flaps (MPF) whereas in groups Â, Ñ and D, several modifications of the combined method for guided bone regeneration were applied.
The treated bone defects were compared clinically and radiologically. After a 3-month period of survey, the best results were obtained in the group treated with partially demineralized bone matrix (pDBM), enzymatically processed and lyophilized dura mater (EPLDM) and mucoperiosteal flap (MPF). The placement of titanium screw (TS) dental implants did not impair the guided bone regeneration, that was confirmed by their good osteointegration.
Key words: clinical studies, dogs, guided bone regeneration, radiological studies, titanium screw dental implants
Vassilev, N. Y., G. B. Bonev, M. A. Dimitrov, S. A. Yotov and S. I. Laleva, 2004. A non-genetic approach for promoting reproduction in sheep from the Ile-de-France breed. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 45-49.
One hundred and ninety eight sheep at the age of 3-5 years weighing 60-65 kg from the Ile-de-France breed, divided into two groups, bred at the Research Institute of Cattle and Sheep Breeding have been studied. The first group included 77 animals with synchronized oestrus and a double artificial insemination and the second one – 121 sheep with spontaneous oestrus and a double artificial insemination. The ultrasonographic study was performed with Aloka SSD 500 Micrus, a 5 MHz linear transducer and a Mitsubishi P91E printer using a transabdominal approach in the right inguinal region. In the first group, 45 positive and 32 negative findings were observed whereas in the second one – 88 positive and 33 negative. The parameters, evaluating the efficacy of the ultrasonographic diagnosis of pregnancy in sheep with a 5 MHz transducer and transabdominal approach for the entire herd were as followed: accuracy – 96.96%, sensitivity – 93.23% and specificity – 95.38%. The biological fertility percentages were 134% and 115% in the first and second group respectively. The data showed that the combination of oestrus synchronization, artificial insemination and ultrasonographic diagnostics of early pregnancy in stock herds, inseminated during the anoestrous season (March and April) allowed an optimization of reproduction. The timely insemination of non-pregnant sheep resulted in more offsprings and their realization at higher market prices in December and January.
Key words: oestrus, pregnancy, sheep, ultrasonography
Yotova, I. T., L. K. Sotirov, T. K. Stoyanchev, N. A. Bozakova, D. J. Yarkov, K. T. Stoyanchev, M. G. Oblakova and M. T. Lalev, 2004. Study on the level of natural humoral immunity in turkey-broilers bred on two floor types. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 51-56.
The experiments were performed on 80 turkey-broilers from 2 hybrid types (BUT-9 and St.Z-1), raised on a slat floor and on a litter, divided into 4 groups: BUT-9 raised on a slat floor; group II: BUT-9 - on a litter; group III - St.Z-1 on a slat floor and group IV: St.Z-1 - on a litter. The group density was 5 birds per square metres, i.e. an area of 0.2 m2 per bird. The activities of blood lysozyme and complement were assessed at the age of 14 and 16 weeks. The lysozyme activity was higher in turkey-broilers from both hybrids bred on a litter compared to those bred on a slat floor that could be explained by the more intensive locomotor activity and the various (microbial) factors that stimulated lysozyme activity. The hybrid type (BUT-9 or StZ=1), the gender or the housing system did not influence complement activity. That could be due to the lack of a significant antigen influence on complement activity of a given floor type.
Key words: complement, litter, lysozyme, slat floor, turkey-broilers
Dinkov, D., I. Jelyazkova, V. Russev and I. Vachin, 2004. Specific optical activity and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde content in honey from bee colonies fed up with sugar solution and Isosweet 77555 P. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 7, No 1, 57-62.
Bee colonies, equalized by the method of analogues, reared freely and in isolated apiaries, were additionally fed up stimulating or intensive with sugar solution and Isosweet 77555P (IST). It was found out that the specific optical rotation (SOR) of honey increased following the stimulating and especially the intensive feeding up of bee colonies. Honey SOR was higher in bee colonies fed up with IST compared to those with sugar solution. The 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (hydroxymethylfurfural, HMF) content of honey after the stimulating and intensive feeding up of bee colonies with IST and sugar solution did not exceed the maximum allowed quantity for unprocessed honey. The honey HMF content decreased after the intensive feeding up of bee colonies with both IST and sugar solution regardless of the rearing method. In isolated reared bee colonies, fed up only with IST, honey HMF was found out to increase after the stimulating feeding up.
Key words: bee feeding up, bee honey, Isosweet 77555 P, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), specific optical rotation (SOR), sugar solution (1:1)