Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 6, No 3, SEPTEMBER, 2003
CONTENTS
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 6, Number 3, September 2003, Summaries
Sotirov, L., 2003. Effect of various C3 complement component genotypes on lysozyme and complement levels in horses and donkeys. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 133-142.
One hundred and five horses from six breeds (Thoroughbred, East Bulgarian, Arabian, Haflinger, Hannover and Russian Risak) and 61 donkeys from a local breed were assayed. It was found out that the genetic polymorphism of C3 complement component influenced significanty lysozyme levels and complement activity in horses. The same trend was presented in donkeys as well.
Key words: C3 polymorphism, complement, donkeys, horses, lysozyme
Djeneva, H., P. Sotirova, I. Dukova and K. Rachkova, 2003. Frequency of isolation and involvement of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in infections in hospital patients. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 143-150.
Four thousand two hundred and seventy specimens from materials obtained from patients of the Clinic of Intensive and Critical Care (CICC), the Clinic of Vascular Surgery (CVS) and the Clinic of Thoracal Surgery (CTS) at the University Hospital - Stara Zagora for the period 1998 − first half of 2001 have been studied. The analysis of data showed that the incidence of isolates was as followed: S. aureus – 14.43%, CNS – 21.60%, Enterobacteriaceae – 24.51%, Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria – 28.97%, Enterococcus spp. – 7.58% etc. The sensitivity of isolated staphylococci, evaluated as clinically important, to b-lactams was determined. The methicillin/oxacillin resistance of all isolates was tested. The involvement of MRSA and MRCNS for the period of the study was followed up. Among the methicillin-resistant strains, there were no isolates with reduced (intermediate) sensitivity to glycopeptides.
Key words: b-lactams, CNS, hospital infections, methicillin/oxacillin, MRSA, MRCNS, S. aureus
Bayazıt, V. and T. Dinçer, 2003. Histopathological effects of valproate and clonazepam on rat liver tissue. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 151-157.
The effects of sodium valproate and clonazepam on liver tissue were investigated. Sprague Dawley female rats at the age of 7 to 8 months, weighing 270 to 300 g were used. The rats were divided into five group. Physiological saline 0.5 mL was given to the first (control) group of animals. The rats from the other groups received treatments as followed: 150 mg/kg sodium valproate (group II); 300 mg/kg sodium valproate (group III); 0.25 mg/kg clonazepam (group IV) and 0.50 mg/kg clonazepam (group V), respectively, as intraperitoneal injection at one and the same time each day in the course of 7 days. The liver biopsy sections obtained from animals from group II showed a normal histology, those from group III - necrosis, from group IV - sinusoidal hyperaemia and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes and from group V - vacoulisation of hepatocytes.
Key words: clonazepam, liver, sodium valproate
Dinev, D., 2003. Peritoneal dialysis in healthy sheep: Changes in acid-base balance, blood electrolytes and some parameters of carbohydrate metabolism Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 159-167.
The resorption capacity of the healthy peritoneum was followed out in six sheep, fed and housed uniformly, after a peritoneal dialysis with a solution containing 6.1 g sodium chloride, 3.0 g sodium citrate, 0.55 g potassium chloride, 0.45 g calcium chloride, 0.07 g monosodium phosphate, 0.11 g magnesium chloride, 40.0 g glucose and distilled water to 1 L. The haematological and biochemical parameters were measured in blood obtained from v. jugularis. The acid-base balance variables and blood gases were determined in both venous (v. jugularis) and arterial (a. facialis) blood. All parameters were followed at baseline and at post treatment hours 1, 3, 5 and 24 after the dialysis.
The components of the dialysis solution were absorbed at a different rate. The maximum absorption of the 4% glucose solution occurred by hour 3 after the administration, at the same time as the increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Blood sodium and calcium levels were statistically significantly increased 3 hours after the beginning of dialysis, whereas those of potassium, inorganic phosphate and magnesium did not vary significantly. The administered dyalisis solution resulted in metabolic alkalosis, that was compensated in the venous and decompensated in arterial blood up to post treatment hour 5.
It was found out that the maximum period of dialysis solution stay into the abdominal cavity should be 3-5 hours. Afterwards, the metabolic alkalosis tended to become more severe. A moderate leukocytosis (24 hour) appeared as a result of the continous irritation of the peritoneum.
Key words: absorption, healthy peritoneum, peritoneal dyalisis, sheep
Dinev, D. and G. Simeonova, 2003. Study on two operative methods for treatment of acute abdominal disease in the dog: Changes in some clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 169-178.
The experiment was performed on 14 mixed-breed dogs aged 2-5 years, divided into two groups. An experimental model of peritonitis by the method of Rosato (creation of an ischemic intestinal loop) was performed. In group I (zipper technique group) a zipper, sutured to a polycaproamide mesh was fixed in a manner such that the zipper would remain in the middle of the opening and would closely approach the muscular margins, preventing the outflow of peritoneal exudate and evisceration (closed abdomen). Eighteen hours later, the zipper was opened, the mesh – incised, and the intestinal loop - totally removed. In dogs from group II, after the removal of the ischemic loop, a temporary opening (laparostoma) was created with a polycaproamide mesh. Skin margins were detached, allowing the passive outflow of peritoneal fluid. Blood samples were obtained from all dogs prior to the operation and at hour 18 after jejunal ligation (peritonitis) for haematological and biochemical determinations. In both groups, the determinations were repeated 24 h after the loop removal.
According to clinical and laboratory findings, laparostoma had significant advantages compared to the zipper technique. The tendency towards hypercoagulation, liver and renal damage was lower. The death rate in the zipper method was 100% vs 50% in laparostoma. The average time of survival was 28.7 ± 2.1 h and 45.3 ± 10.2 h at p<0.01, respectively.
Key words: dogs, peritonitis, zipper technique, laparostoma, haematology, blood biochemistry
Borissov, I., S. Tsanova and D. Sivrev, 2003. Dental pulp response in dogs following indirect capping with polycarboxylate cement containing 5% potassium nitrate. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 179-186.
Histomorphological studies upon canine dental pulp response following indirect capping with polycarboxylate cement containing 5% potassium nitrate were performed on 42 experimental teeth. The experiment included also another 6 control teeth from dogs. All animals were mixed-breed. Fourteen experimental and 3 control teeth were extracted at post treatment days 7, 14 and 30. The microscopical preparations were done according the routine histological methods. The light microscopic study showed that the reactive inflammation of the dental pulp disappeared gradually and after the 30th day, the normal structure of the odontoblastic layer was restored and areas with reparative dentin were formed. Histomorphometric data evidenced that polycarboxylate cement containing 5% potassium nitrate stimulated both pulpal defense and regeneration which resulted in a better recovery in the experimental groups than in controls.
Key words: indirect capping, polycarboxylate cement, pulpal response
Waiswa, C., W. Olaho-Mukani and E. Katunguka-Rwakishaya, 2003. Packed cell volume as a measure of porcine health and the implication on the control of sleeping sickness in Uganda. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 187-191.
Information about pig health in Uganda is greatly lacking and recent studies have indicated a high prevalence of trypanosome infections among pigs kept in the tsetse infested and trypanosomosis endemic areas of Southeastern Uganda. This study looked at the packed cell volume as an indicator of the health status of the pigs kept in Southeastern Uganda. Whole blood was collected from pigs kept in three agroecological zones of Southeastern Uganda (designated as zone I, II and III) as these were predominant in the trypanosomiasis endemic foci of Kamuli, Mukono and Tororo districts respectively.
The packed cell volume (PCV) for the three zones was recorded at averages of 34.70 %, 28.70 % and 33.32 % for zones I, II and III respectively. Meanwhile pale mucous membranes were observed only in some pigs (not quantified) with PCV £ 23% otherwise it was not a common finding. For the three zones 8.71%; 18.37% and 21.95% of the pigs from zones I, II & III respectively had PCV £ 23%. During the investigation there were no complaints of ill health of the pigs in all the areas, save for zone III where African swine fever is thought to have been responsible for the death of pigs the previous year. Since this investigation was carried out at a time when the prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei infections were high among pigs in zone I and II, it is concluded that T.brucei sub-group infections among pigs are not associated with ill health of the pigs.
Key words: packed cell volume, pigs, sleeping sickness, trypanosomes
P. Tatli Seven and I. H. Çerçi, 2003. The effects of silages of different quality on feedlot performance and nutrient digestibility in lambs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 6, No 3, 193-199.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of silages of different quality mixed at different changed ratios on food intake, live weight gain, feed conversion and nutrient digestibility in lambs. A mixture of green barley and vetch was used as silo material (in a 50/50 ratio). In this study 24 male lambs with average weight 43.46 kg and 11 months of age were used. The lambs were assigned randomly in three groups. Group I was given concentrate feed + A quality silage 100 %; group II received concentrate feed + A quality silage 25 % + B quality silage 75 %; group III was fed concentrate feed + A quality silage 50 % + B quality silage 50 %.
Dry matter (DM) of A and B quality silages were determined as 35.10 and 40.86 % respectively. The pH, NH3-N and lactic acid levels of A quality silage were 4.48 %, 0.40 % and 2.51 % (DM) and those of B silages: 6.10%, 0.86% and 0.44%. respectively. Silage dry matter intakes (DMI) of lambs from groups I-III were 646.60, 608.55 and 539.69 g/day respectively and differed significantly between all groups (p<0.05). The corresponding values for the total dry matter intakes were 1634.02, 1603.47 and 1592.94 g/day respectively. Average body weight gains (BWG) were 252.77, 241.66 and 244.60 g/day in groups I, II and III, respectively. Feed conversion ratios were 6.69, 6.66 and 6.57 g DMI/g BWG and dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber digestibility were 67.37, 66.27, and 66.69 %; 69.70, 66.61 and 66.60 %; 52.99, 50.52 and 49.44 % in all groups, respectively.
Key words: digestibility, feedlot performance, lambs, silage quality