Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 5, No 4, DECEMBER, 2002
CONTENTS
207
L. lashev and S. tanchev
characteristics of pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in birds: a review229
R. Eligulashvili, V. Bumbarov and H. Yadin
Comparison of the avidin-biotin and polymer detection systems for rapid recognition of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in situ233
a. Anguelov, H. Hristev, L. Belchev and M. Chichovska
Influence of ascorbic acid, thiamine or their combination on lead poisoning in albino rats241
D. Dinev and H. Hubenov
Acid-base, blood gas and haemocoagulation changes in halothane-anaesthetized horses, submitted to abdominal surgery253
261
v. Yordanova, P. Petkov, I. Grigorov and V. Vrabcheva
Toxicological studies on wild carnivores as bioindicators of environmental pollution269
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaVolume 5, Number 4, December 2002, Summaries
Lashev, L. and S. Tanchev, 2002. Characteristics of pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in birds: a review. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 4, 207-227.
Literature data and reports about the pharmacokinetics of representatives of the most important groups of antibacterial drugs applied in veterinary medicine (sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides) in various domestic, exotic and wild avian species are reviewed. The principal characteristics of their behaviour in avian organism are summarized. The principles of antibacterial drug pharmacokinetics, related to intra- and inter-species differences, as well as to the route of administration are emphasized.
Key words: antibacterials, birds, pharmacokinetics
Eligulashvili, R., V. Bumbarov and H. Yadin, 2002. Comparison of the avidin-biotin and polymer detection systems for rapid recognition of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in situ. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 4, 229-232.
The present study compares two of immunochemical detection techniques, the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) and the polymer-conjugated system (PCS), in freshly frozen tissue sections (intestine, lungs, tongue, lymph node, spleen), and epithelial cells from ocular swabs. The PCS is a set of PicTureR kits elaborated by Zymed Co., USA for “one-step” immunohistochemical (IHC) antigen detection method. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus antigen was apparently demonstrated in frozen tissue sections and in epithelial cells by both ABC and by PCS without any background staining.
Key words: immunochistochemistry, peste des petits ruminants
Anguelov, A., H. Hristev, L. Belchev and M. Chichovska, 2002. Influence of ascorbic acid, thiamine or their combination on lead poisoning in albino rats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 4, 233-239.
Thiamine, ascorbic acid and their combination were investigated for their ability to prevent or treat the experimental lead intoxication in rats. The combination of both vitamins was most effective in reducing lead-induced inhibition in the activity of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, elevated urinary excretion of δ-aminolevulinic acid and the uptake of lead in blood, liver and kidney. The combined treatment during and following lead exposure was more effective in restoring lead-induced biochemical alterations and in mobilizing lead from tissues. The order of effectiveness was thiamine + ascorbic acid > ascorbic acid > thiamine.
Key words: ascorbic acid, lead toxicity, prevention, therapy, thiamine, rat
Dinev, D. and H. Hubenov, 2002. Acid-base, blood gas and haemocoagulation changes in halothane-anaesthetized horses, submitted to abdominal surgery. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 4, 241-251.
The changes in acid-base balance and haemocoagulation under halothane anaesthesia without and with abdominal surgery were investigated in six horses in a cross-over design study. During its first phase, the animals were submitted to an anaesthestic schedule using halothane, and during the second phase (one month later) - to the same anaesthesia and abdominal operation. It was concluded that halothane anaesthesia resulted in the development of a compensated respiratory acidosis and when combined with abdominal surgery - in a non-compensated respiratory acidosis, contributing to the tendency towards hypercoagulability. The abdominal surgery intensified the tendency towards hypercoagulability, manifested by shortened APTT and TEG parameters - reaction (r) and coagulation (k) times.
Key words: abdominal surgery, acid-base balance, halothane anaesthesia, horses, thromboelastography
Binev, R., 2002. Clinical and experimental studies on acute intoxication with the triazole fungicide diniconazole (Sumi 8 2WP) in rabbits. III. Studies upon the activity of some enzymes. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 4, 253-259.
Experiments for evaluation of the toxic effect of the triazole fungicide diniconazole (Sumi 8 2WP) on rabbits were carried out following up the changes in blood activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (ChE). The studies were performed in one control and three experimental groups, treated orally via a gastic tube with increasing doses of diniconazole (0.1LD50, 0.5LD50 and LD50 - oral doses for rats).
Blood for analysis of enzyme activities was sampled at hours –48, –24 and 0 prior to the treatment and hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 after the treatment from all animals.
It was observed that the triazole fungicide diniconazole had a toxic effect manifested by increased ASAT, ALAT and LDH activities, decreased AP activity and no changes in ChE.
Key words: alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, diniconazole, lactate dehydrogenase, Sumi 8 2WP, triazole fungicide
Yordanova, V., P. Petkov, I. Grigorov and V. Vrabcheva, 2002. Toxicological studies on wild carnivores as bioindicators of environmental pollution. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 4, 261-267.
Biomonitoring as a research tool of environmental chemical pollution became widely used in Bulgaria as well as abroad.
The biomonitoring was performed via analysis of specimens obtained from 45 wild carnivores from two regions in Bulgaria - a region in the Sarnena Sredna Gora mountain including the territory of settlements (I) and a region from the southern side of Central Stara Planina mountain (II). The specimens were obtained from viscera (liver, kidneys, spleen, heart), muscle and hair. The content of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) was determined. The results showed significantly lower values for the majority of studied samples from wild carnivores from region II that was possibly due to anthropogenic influence upon the environment in region I. The elements Cd, As, Pb and Cu accumulated in viscera as well as in animal hair and thus could be used as indicators for a polluted environment.
Key words: biomonitoring, fox, heavy metals, jackal, marten, wild cat
Dinev, I., 2002. Incidence of canine neoplasms - a retrospective histopathological study. II. Tumours of the skin and associated structures. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 4, 269-278.
A pathohistological analysis of 104 specimens of canine skin tumours obtained in the period 1991-2000, was performed at the Department of General and Clinical pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University - Stara Zagora. The tumours were classified according to World Health Organization classification.
According to their histogenesis, the tumours were divided into epithelial (35.63% benign and 21.14% malignant), mesenchymal (8.64% benign and 22.1% malignant), pigment or melanomas (2.88% benign and 8.65% malignant) and mixed (carcinosarcomas) - 0.96%. The ratio of benign to malignant neoplasms was 47.15 to 52.85. The prevalence of skin tumours by respect to breed, age and gender of hosts was investigated.
Key words: dogs, incidence of tumours, tumours of the skin