Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 5, No 2, JUNE, 2002
CONTENTS
77
M. andonova
Role of innate defence mechanisms in acute phase response against Gram-negative agents93
t. kokosharov
Study on some adhesive and invasive properties of Salmonella Gallinarum strains, isolated from birds99
109
N. Goranov, D. Dinev & G. Simeonova
Comparative study on two operative methods for treatment of acute abdominal sepsis in the dog. II. Electrocardiographic data, acid-base and electrolyte status119
N. Goranov, J. Philipov & Y. Stamoulis
Positive contrast shoulder arthrography in dogs with Uropolin127
M. Deyanov & P. Deyanova
Epizootological analysis of the incidence of leptospirosis among swine and cattle populations in the region of Stara Zagora during the period 1992-1999135
P. Prelezov & M.Lyutskanov
Bacterial microflora of biting lice in an experimental mixed invasion in chickens141
In memoriam
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 5, Number 2, June 2002, Summaries
Andonova, M., 2002. Role of innate defence mechanisms in acute phase response against Gram-negative agents. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 2, 77-92.
The role of innate defence mechanisms - humoral and cellular, in a Gram-negative infection is stu-died. The species-related contradictions about the changes in lysozyme, complement and phagocyte activities and the possibility for using them as important indicators for the severity of disease are discussed.
A particular attention was paid to microbicide mechanisms of phagocytes - oxygen radicals and nitric oxide as well as to the regulatory mechanisms for prevention of the negative effects due to their pathological increase.
The key role of cytokines for the formation of local and generalized manifestations of systemic acute phase response after a Gram-negative infection is outlined too.
Key words: lipopolysaccharide, complement, lysozyme, phagocytes, oxygen radicals, nitric oxide
Kokosharov, T., 2002. Study on some adhesive and invasive properties of Salmonella Gallinarum strains, isolated from birds. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 2, 93-98.
Twelve Salmonella Gallinarum strains, isolated from birds having died from acute typhus, were studied by respect to the agglutination of avian erythrocytes in the presence and the absence of D-manose, Congo red dye binding, hyaluronidase activity, Sereny's keratoconjunctival test. The relationship of all those tests and the pathogenicity tested on albino mice was studied as well. All tested strains binded Congo red, 66.7% of them showed a hyaluronidase activity and 42.6% were D-manose resistant. None of the strains were invasive to guinea pigs. Eight (66.7%) strains were lethal for albino mice. There was no connection between the adhesive and invasive properties and the hyaluronidase activity or the pathogenicity. Most probably, the virulence of tested S. Gallinarum strains, as a sum of their adhesive and invasive properties, was further influenced by the physiological status, under which the bacteria caused the infectious disease.
Key words: adhesion, invasion, Salmonella Gallinarum
Nikolov, Y., 2002. Influence of toxic doses of nitrate and saccharose upon some blood, urine and rumen biochemical indices in sheep. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 2, 99-108.
The experiments were performed on 12 sheep divided into two groups: group I, treated orally with 0.65 g/kg b.w. potassium nitrate and 10.0 g/kg b.w. saccharose dissolved in 1.5 l water and group II, treated similarly with 1.0 g/kg b.w. potassium nitrate and 20.0 g/kg b.w. saccharose two hours after the morning feeding. At hours 72, 48, 24 prior to the treatment, immediately before it (hour 0) and at post treatment hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48, samples of blood, urine and rumen liquid were obtained for determination of pH and the concentrations of nitrates and nitrites.
It was found out that rumen pH decreased after the 6th hour, being significantly (p<0.05) lower at hour 10 and 12 (5.6±0.2 for group I and 5.00±0.04 for group II, respectively) compared to hour 0. Blood pH decreased after the 4th hour in both groups and reached the minimum values at hour 24 (7.15-7.16). Urine pH also decreased to 6.30±0.20 (post treatment hour 12) and 6.70±0.20 (post treatment hour 24) at p<0.05.
The concentration of rumen nitrates was elevated at hour 2 and it persisted up to hour 24. Rumen nitrites were also increased with peak values by hours 8-10. The amounts of nitrates and nitrites in blood and urine were increased proportionate to increased rumen concentrations. The lower rumen pH delayed or stopped the reduction of nitrates in rumen. The simultaneous ingestion of toxic doses of nitrates and saccharose in ruminants (sheep) was less poisonous compared to their independent administration.
Key words: blood, intoxication, nitrates, nitrites, pH, rumen liquid, saccharose, sheep, urine
Goranov, N., D. Dinev and G. Simeonova, 2002. Comparative study on two operative methods for treatment of acute abdominal sepsis in the dog . II. Electrocardiographic data, acid-base and electrolyte status. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 2, 109-118.
The experiment was performed with 2 groups mixed-breed dogs from both sexes, aged 2-5 years, weighing 18.0 ± 1.1 kg (n=6) and 13.3 ± 1.8 kg (n=7) respectively. They were subject to an experimental model of peritonitis, provoked via the creation of an ischemic intestinal loop (Rosato et al., 1972) following general anaesthesia. After 18 hours, an operative inspection for removal of the necrotized intestinal segment was performed and treatment using two approaches was initiated. In one of the groups a laparostoma was created, and in the other – the zipper technique was applied.
In both groups, an ECG study was done immeditely prior to the creation and 24 hours after the removal of the ischemic intestinal loop. Simultaneously, the acid-base parameters, blood electrolytes, LDH activities and the changes in body temperature, heart and respiratory rates were also determined.
The clinical signs accompanying the appearance of acute abdomen were significantly increased body temperature in the zipper technique group, a temperature within the normal range in the laparostoma group and enhanced respiratory rates in both groups.
It was found out that in peritonitis, treated by the zipper technique, the impaired electrical activity of the heart was manifested by ST depression, T wave depression and inversion and shorter diastole with increased systolic index. In dogs treated by laparostoma, ECG changes were predominantly manifested by shortening of all intervals with exception of the QRS complex and a weaker ST depression.
Blood gas and acid-base determinations were characterized by increased pO2, SAT and O2CT values in the zipper group compared to the laparostoma group. Electrolyte changes consisted in decreased plasma potassium levels in the laparostoma group vs the zipper group and higher inorganic phosphate concentrations in the zipper group vs the open abdomen technique. The microbiological findings in the peritoneal exudate were positive for E. coli and Proteus sp.
The studies suggested that the laparostoma technique preserved the myocardium from the toxic effect of bacterial toxins, accumulated within the abdomen and thus, it could be a technique of choice for the treatment of acute abdominal problems.
Key words: dog, ECG, laparostoma, peritonitis, zipper technique
Goranov, N., J. Philipov and Y. Stamoulis, 2002. Positive contrast shoulder arthrography in dogs with Uropolin. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 2, 119-126.
Positive contrast radiography of both shoulder joints with different concentrations of Uropolin (containing 1.6 g sodium amidotrizoate and 10.4 g meglumine amidotrizoate in 20 ml ampules; Polfa, Poland) has been performed in six dogs, divided into 3 groups. The first group was injected with 20% Uropolin, the second - with 30% Uropolin and the third - with 30% Uropolin and 0.2 ml 0.1% adrenaline hydrochloride. Shoulder radiographs were performed 2, 5 and 10 min after the injection of the contrast medium in mediolateral and craniocaudal views. The quality of radiographs was assessed visually using a four score system for five independent parameters in both views. The results showed a better quality of mediolateral radiographs 5 minutes after injection of 30% Uropolin (average score 12.5) compared to 20% Uropolin (average score 8.5), at p<0.05.
The addition of 0.1% adrenaline hydrochloride to 30% Uropolin resulted in a better quality of arthrographs up to 10 minutes following the administration (average score 10 compared to 8.5 in the group with independent application, p<0.01).
Key words: dog, positive contrast arthrography, shoulder joint
Deyanov, M. and P. Deyanova, 2002. Epizootological analysis of the incidence of leptospirosis among swine and cattle populations in the region of Stara Zagora during the period 1992-1999. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 5, No 2, 127-134.
The incidence of leptospirosis among swine and cattle populations in the region of Stara Zagora was examined. The overall number of analyzed blood samples was 77282 (23875 porcine and 53047 bovine). The diagnostics was done retrospectively by detection of specific antibodies in animal blood via the reaction of microagglutination lysis using live cultures of Leptospira pomona, L. tarassovi and L. icterohaemorrhagiae. In 1992-1999, leptospirosis was detected in 113 settlements and farms, 53 being pig farms and 60 - cattle farms. A tendency towards increase of the incidence of leptospirosis in swine was noticed. Practical recommendations are proposed.
Key words: cattle, leptospirosis, swine
Prelezov, P. and M. Lyutskanov, 2002. Bacterial microflora of biting lice in an experimental mixed invasion in chickens. Bulg. J. Vet. Med, 5, No 2, 135-140.
The study aimed to obtain data about present the bacterial microflora, both superficial and internal, of four biting lice species, being the commonnest Mallophaga species in chickens in Bulgaria: Menopon gallinae L. (1758), Eomenacanthus stramineus Nitzsch (1818), Menacanthus cornutus Schömmer (1913) and Goniocotes gallinae DeGeer (1778). The experimental invasion was performed in 2-month old chickens using the four Mallophaga species obtained from healthy donors. From each species, 100 biting lice were collected.
It was observed that bacterial isolates on lice's body surface belonged to 5 while those in lice's viscera - to 3 genera. No obligate avian pathogens were isolated. There were some differences in the composition between the external and the inner bacterial microflora of each Mallophaga species as well as between the various species in chickens. A correlation between the characteristics of Mallophaga bacterial contamination and these related to mobility, location and feeding mode of each Mallophaga species was determined.
Key words: bacteria, biting lice, chickens, Mallophaga, microflora