Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)


ISSN 1311-1477

Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 4, No
4, DECEMBER, 2001

 

 

CONTENTS

 

199

D. goundasheva
stress and immunity-inflammation interactions. II. influence of exercise upon the humoral immune response in rats challenged with an inflammatory  agent

207

S. Kalaydjiev
Sperm antigens shared by vertebrate animals from different classes

213

d. dimitrova
Comparative studies on the pharmacokinetics of several isoxasolylpenicillins (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin) in dogs

223

R. Moutafchieva, S. Ribarski, S. Vangelov and D. Pashov
Effect of simultaneously administered salinomycin and flavophospholipol upon the performance of broiler chickens

231

D. Georgieva, Z. Kirkova and A. Ivanov
Study on the Incidence and Diagnosistics of Dirofilariosis (Heartworm Disease) in Carnivores 

237

V. Koinarski, G. Angelov and  M. Lalev

      Haematologic and blood electrolyte changes in broiler chickens, experimentally invaded with Eimeria tenella

243

V. Koinarski and A. Pavlov
Studies on the meat composition in chickens invaded with Eimeria tenella

249

N. Takuchev, D. Dinkov and H. Daskalov
chromaticity index of unprocessed bee honey
 

Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

 

 

Volume 4, Number 4, December 2001, Summaries

 

Gundasheva, D., 2001. Stress and immunity-inflammation interactions. II. Influence of exercise upon the humoral immune response in rats challenged with an inflammatory  agent.  Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 199206.

A rat model of inflammation, provoked by oyster glycogen, was used to evaluate the influence  of exercise-induced stress upon the immune response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The applied stress was accompanied by reduced B-lymphocyte counts and decreased serum antibody titers both total and 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME)-reduced haemagglutinins and haemolysins (IgG), that increased less significantly compared to controls and did no reach control peak values. The antibody-forming cells (AFC) counts was also lower compared to controls between days 7 and 8.

Following the application of the non-bacterial inflammation agent oyster glycogen to SRBC-immunized rats (control group), an increase in B-lymphocyte counts and in serum total and 2ME-reduced haemagglutinin and haemolysin titers was observed. The AFC counts in spleen were slightly reduced at day 8.

Key words: inflammation, humoral immune response, stress

 

Kalaydjiev, S., 2001. Sperm antigens shared by vertebrate animals from different classes. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 207212.

In order to establish the existence of evolutionary conserved sperm antigens in divergent species, we have assayed trout, frog, turtle, rooster, rabbit and human male germ cells by rabbit hyperimmune sera, agglutination and indirect immunofluorescent tests. Both immune and control sera agglutinated male germ cells from species belonging to different classes. The combination of the indirect immunofluorescent test (IIFT) and absorption (with both somatic tissue and sperm), has revealed the existence of shared antigens between turtle and rabbit sperm, and between rooster, rabbit and human sperm, located in the head and the principle piece of the tail.

Key words: agglutination, evolution, indirect immunofluorescence, sperm antigens

 

Dimitrova, D. J., 2001. Comparative studies on the pharmacokinetics of several isoxasolylpenicillins (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin) in dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 213222. 

The pharmacokinetic studies were performed on 18 sexually mature dogs from both genders, aged 23-years and weighing 12–18 kg, divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each. The antibiotics cloxacillin (CL), dicloxacillin (DCL) and flucloxacillin (FCL), sodium salts, were administered in single i.v. doses of 25 mg/kg body weight as 10% aqueous solutions in the right v. saphena of each animal. After a 30-days washout period, the dogs were treated once again perorally with the same drugs. Blood samples were collected prior to the administration (0 h), at post treatment minutes 10, 20 and 30 as well as at post treatment hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8. Serum antibiotical concentrations were determined microbiologically using Bacillus mycoides HB2 as a test microorganism. It was observed that following i.v. adminsitration, the biological half-life (t1/2b) was the shortest for CL (1.26±0.14 h), followed by that of FCL (1.36±0.05 h) and the longest for DCL (1.55±0.17 h). The time for reaching the peak serum concentration (Cmax) after p.î. application (tmax) was the lowest for CL and FCL (0.17 h) and the highest for DCL (0.28 h). The values of Ñmax for CL and FCL were very close (16.41±1.05 mg/ml for CL and 17.91±0.93 mg/ml for FCL) and statistically significantly higher than those of DCL (Cmax.= 6.07±1.02 mg/ml). Two of all tested antibiotics showed a relatively high bioavailability  (F) – 80.27 % for CL and 85.59 % for FCL. The bioavailability of DCL was 22.91 %.

Key words: cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, dogs, flucloxacillin, pharmacokinetics

 

Moutafchieva, R., S. Ribarski, S. Vangelov and D. Pashov, 2001. Effect of simultaneously administered salinomycin and flavophospholipol upon the performance of broiler chickensBulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 223230. 

The combination of flavophospholipol (FPL) and salinomycin (SLM) the formulation Flavosalin-premix (FLS), administered with fodder at a level of 65 mg/kg forage for 56 days in broiler chickens, resulted in increased live weight gain by 2.9% for both genders (2.6% in male birds and 4.8% in females). The administration of the drug decreased the forage consumption and improved feed conversion ratio by 1.1% and 4% respectively. There was a tendency towards increase in the yield and decrease in the weight of viscera and bones (including fasciae) on the account of the muscle mass.

The treatment with Flavosalin-premix caused favourable changes in the chemical composition of meat – increased protein content by 3.48% in white musculature and by 1.32% in red musculature as well as decreased fat content (by 1.83%) and decreased moisture content in white musculature (4.62%). It did not result in deposition of flavophospholipol residues in the musculature and viscera, and salinomycin traces disappeared at the 6th day.

Key words: anticoccidial drugs, drug interactions, flavophospholipol, flavosalin, salinomycin

 

Georgieva, D., Z. Kirkova and A. Ivanov, 2001. A study on the incidence and diagnosistics of dirofilariosis (heartworm disease) in carnivores. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 231236. 

During the period 19971999, 258 canine blood samples were analysed. The animals were of a various origin: 65 working dogs, 27 shepherd dogs, 55 rural dogs, 40 stray dogs and 71 companion dogs. Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis were detected in 19 or 7.4% of all studied samples by the method of Knott. The incidence of parasites was the greatest in stray (12.5%) and rural (10.9%) followed by working (7.7%) and shepherd (7.4%) dogs. Dogs kept as companion animals were the least invaded (1.4%).

All 19 microfilaria-positive samples reacted positively with the Pet Check HTWMPT test (Idexx) for detection of D. immitis antigens.

The study on 25 blood samples from microfilariaemic dogs, showing doubtful clinical signs of dirofilariosis yielded positive results in 2 animals (8%) with the Pet Check test.

The uncomplete helminthological necropsy of 40 stray dogs, 78 foxes, 45 jackals, 18 wolves, 21 martens, 16 wild cats and 6 badgers revealed mature D. immitis organisms in the heart and pulmonary arteries of 5 stray dogs, 4 foxes, 2 jackals and 1 wolf.

The D. immitis invasion within the risk groups of stray, working and rural dogs and wild canids creates prerequisites for its transmission through mosquitos to other, less endangered, but susceptible canine populations.

Key words: Dirofilariosis, Dirofilaria immitis, dogs, fox, jackal, wolf

 

Koinarski, V., G. Angelov and M. Lalev, 2001. Haematologic and blood electrolyte changes in broiler chickens, experimentally invaded with Eimeria tenella. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 237242. 

The influence of Eimeria tenella infestation on haematological parameters and potassium, sodium, inorganic phosphate, calcium and magnesium serum concentrations in 3-week-old broiler chickens was studied. The experiment was performed on 120 one-day old chickens divided into 2 groups – experimental and control. The parameters were followed prior to the invasion and at days 3, 5, 7 and 9 afterwards.

A decrease in red blood cell counts by 2959%, in haemoglobin level by 30% and haematocrit was observed within the period from the 5th to the 7th day following artificial infestation. Simultaneously, an increase in eosinophils (by 49102%) and lymphocytes was registered. The concentrations of serum sodium, calcium and inorganic phosphate in experimental birds tended to decrease during the whole period of the study. At the same time, a statistically significant elevation in serum potassium levels between days 79 occurred.

Key words: blood electrolytes, Eimeria tenella, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells

 

Koinarski, V. and A. Pavlov, 2001. Studies on the meat composition in chickens invaded with Eimeria tenella. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 243248. 

The studies were performed on forty, 3 weeks-old broiler chickens, divided into 2 groups. The chickens from the first group were infested with Eimeria tenella oocysts whereas the second group was left untreated (controls).

It was found out that in the meat of invaded chickens (breast and thigh muscle), a statistically significant increase in moisture content, decrease in fat content, higher manganese and lower iron content occurred. Therefore, the results of the studies showed that coccidiosis had an impact on the general as well as on the mineral composition of meat.

Key words: chickens, Eimeria tenella, meat composition

 

Takuchev, N., D. Dinkov and H. Daskalov, 2001.  Chromaticity index of unprocessed bee honey, Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 4, 249254. 

The transition of object systematization from a qualitative description towards a suitable numerical quantitation of a given feature is observed in many scientific branches.

In this work we introduced an adequate quantitative characteristics of bee honey colour - the chromaticity index (CI). The possible application of this index as a quick quantitative parameter in the assessment of the quality of various bee honey types for the needs of veterinary inspection procedures is discussed.

Key words: bee honey, chromaticity index, colour measurement