Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 4, No 3, SEPTEMBER, 2001
CONTENTS
131
141
G. Penchev, S. Ribarski and S. Vitanov
Quantitative studies on compensatory testicular hypertrophy in pigs after unilateral castration at various ages147
153
165
A. haritova
Influence of anti-inflammatory drugs on the pharmacokinetics of some antibiotics in rabbits175
i. borissov and l. lazarova
Experimental studies on the treatment of traumatic dental avulsion in dogs183
G. Simeonova, D. Dimov, D. Dinev and N. Zlateva
FELINE UROLOGIC SYNDROME (FUS). II. changes in some clinical and laboratory indices189
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 4, Number 3, September 2001, Summaries
Dimitrov, D., 2001. Comparative study on some weight and morphometric parameters of Harderian and lachrymal glands in broiler chickens aged between 1-56 days. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 3, 131-140.
The Harderian and lachrymal glands, obtained from 90 broiler chickens originating from a commercial stock, from both genders at the age of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days were investigated. Following dissection and prior to fixation, the weight and the macrometric parameters of the glands were determined. The micrometric parameters were determined by a light microscopy using a micrometer eye-piece on permanent histological preparations. The data were statistically processed. The results illustrated the nine-week ontogenesis of intraorbital glands. The analysis of results showed an irregularity and asynchronism in the individual growth of each gland and between both glands as well.
Key words: broiler chickens, Harderian gland, lachrymal gland, postnatal ontogenesis
Penchev, G., S. Ribarski and S. Vitanov, 2001. Quantitative studies on compensatory testicular hypertrophy in pigs after unilateral castration at various age. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 3, 141-146.
A morphometric study of testes from pigs at various ages was performed. Six animals for each age group (day 1, months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were unilaterally castrated and the removed testes were used as controls. The definitive orchiectomy was performed two months after the first castration and the obtained testes formed the experimental groups. Testes, obtained following bilateral castration of three pigs aged 7-8 months were further added to controls.
The unilateral castration resulted in significant testicular hypertrophy of the remaining testis up to the age of 4 months while in 5- and 6-months old animals the increase in volume and weight of experimental organs was statistically insignificant compared to controls. The compensatory testicular hypertrophy, evaluated via the weight corresponded to a bigger diameter and area of seminiferous tubules of experimental testes.
Key words: compensatory hypertrophy, morphometry, pigs, testes, unilateral castration
Gundasheva, D., 2001. Stress and immunity-inflammation interactions: I. Influence of exercise upon some parameters of the immune response in rats challenged with an inflammatory agent. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 3, 147-152.
The aim of the study was to follow out the effect of a continuous physical exercise stress model upon the active E-rosette forming cells (Ea-RFC), the total E-rosette forming cells (Et-RFC), and the Fcg-rosette forming cells (Fcg-RFC) in rats with inflammation, provoked by the non-bacterial agent oyster glycogen. Immunized rats with inflammation (controls) showed the expected increase in Ea-RFC, Et-RFC and Fcg-RFC. The effect of stress was manifested by a strong inhibition of Ea-RFC and Et-RFC and a less significant suppression of Fcg-RFC in sheep red blood cells-immunized rats with inflammation (experimental group).
Key words: immunity, inflammation, rats, stress
Andonova, M., E. Slavov and V. Spasova, 2001. Effects of indomethacin on lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in some humoral factors of innate resistance and acid-base status in rats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 3, 153-164.
The studies were performed on three groups of male inbred Wistar rats (5 rats in each group for each time interval) weighing 180-200 g. The effects of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), applied intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 mg/kg (group A) and of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, applied per os at 2.5 mg/kg 30 min prior to LPS challenge (group B) upon the factors of innate resistance (lysozyme, complement, blood proteins) and acid-base parameters were studied. The animals of group C (controls) received intraperitoneally only 1 ml 0.9% NaCl. Studied parameters were followed out at baseline, at hours 2, 4, 6, 24 and days 3, 6, 10 and 15 after the LPS administration.
The independent LPS challenge resulted in statistically significant increase in lysozyme activities as early as 4 hours later with a peak at day 6. The haemolytic activity of complement (HC), participating both in innate systemic resistance and the course of immunological processes, was the highest at day 10. LPS-induced changes in serum proteins were the most important for albumin fraction and were manifested by decrease as early as post challenge hour 24. This tendency was present up to day 6, when a minimum was reached. Afterwards albumin concentrations began to increase but reached values upper than the initial ones at day 10. The a2- and g-globulins were lower than baseline values during the whole period of the study (hour 2-day 15).
LPS-induced changes in lysozyme, complement and blood proteins were observed at the backround of a decompensated metabolic acidosis.
Indomethacin, applied prior to LPS challenge prevented the negative effects of the agent to a certain extent. This drug influenced favourably the humoral factors of innate resistance - lysozyme, complement but could not restore the impaired liver function. Through its regulatory effect upon the respiratory component of acid-base status, it had some positive effect on LPS-induced decompensated metabolic acidosis.
Key words: acid-base status, indomethacin, lipopolysaccharide, rats
Haritova, A., 2001. Influence of anti-inflammatory drugs on the pharmacokinetics of some antibiotics in rabbits. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 3, 165-174.
The effects of metamizole and dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin, oleandomycin and enrofloxacin, administrered intravenously (iv) in rabbits have been studied.
After a single iv administration of ampicillin to rabbits, the apparent volume of distribution, the total body clearance and the elimination phase half-life time were 2.05±0.29 l/kg, 27.7±2.01 ml/kg.min and 0.85±0.01 h, respectively. For oleandomycin, those parameters were 5.45±1.34 l/kg, 22.45±3.48 ml/kg.min and 3.74±0.80 h, while for enrofloxacin - 3.26±0.16 l/kg, 17.55±0.74 ml/kg.min and 2.15±0.11 h.
After an intramuscular (im) pre-treatment with metamizole, significant changes occurred: decrease in the apparent volume of distribution (amounting to 1.32±0.16 l/kg) and in the total body clearance (21.81±2.09 ml/kg.min) in rabbits injected with ampicillin; increase in the total body clearance (28.72±3.13 ml/kg.min) in animals treated with oleandomycin and increase in the elimination phase half-life time (0.122±0.02 h) when enrofloxacin was administered.
Under the influence of dexamethasone (im) the following significant changes were established: increase in the elimination phase half-life time (1.47±0.26 h) and in the apparent volume of distribution (3.47±0.35 l/kg) when ampicillin was co-administered and increase in the elimination phase half-life time (0.33±0.13 h) and decrease in the total body clearance (12.55±0.68 ml/kg.min) after enrofloxacin co-administration.
Key words: antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, rabbits
Borissov, I., L. Lazarova, 2001. Experimental studies on the treatment of traumatic dental avulsion in dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No. 3, 175-182.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate a method for treatment of traumatic dental avulsion in dogs.
The experiments were performed on 7 dogs aged between 2 and 4 years weighing 12-16 kg in the period October 1998-January 2000. After anaesthesia, the following dental procedures were accomplished: performance of a dental avulsion, endodontic treatment, apical dentotomy, tooth replantation and fixation with an orthodontic splint, figure-of-eight wire ligature and photopolymer.
The treatment was effective in 71.4% of experimental replantations of incisors and the replanted teeth persisted for more than 8-9 months.
The radiological survey showed that the regeneration began as early as the first post replantation days. In the period between days 30 and 45, a bone bridging was observed and the regeneration was complete by the end of the second month.
Key words: dental avulsion, tooth replantation, veterinary dentistry
Simeonova, G., D. Dimov, D. Dinev and N. Zlateva, 2001. Feline urologic syndrome (FUS). II. Changes in some clinical and laboratory indices. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 3, 183-188.
The continuous urethral obstruction in feline urologic syndrome (FUS) results in various systemic disturbances. The present study was performed on 46 intact (uncastrated) male cats with FUS during the period 1998-2000.
The routine clinical examinations consisted in determination of body temperature, heart and respiratory rates, the presence of vomiting (nausea), anorexia, depression, dehydratation and complete urethral obstruction.
Blood samples obtained from v. cephalica antebrachii were analyzed for determination of haemoglobin content, haematocrit, red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) counts, total protein, urea, creatinine, calcium and phosphate concentrations.
The results of all those studies showed that the continuous urethral obstruction (more than 24 hours) resulted in rapidly progressing uraemia with significantly increased blood urea and creatinine, signs of anorexia, vomiting, dehydratation, bradycardia or tachycardia, polypnea, hypothermia. When blood urea levels were raised over 50 mmol/l an uraemic comma and lethal issue could be anticipated, so it was determined as a critical threshold. In FUS, the signs of lower urinary tract inflammation usually prevailed whereas the involvement of the proximal urinary tract was relatively rarely observed.
Key words: feline urologic syndrome, FUS, uraemia, urolithiasis
Dinev, I., 2001. Clinical and morphological studies on spontaneous myelocytomatosis in layer-hens associated with other neoplasms. VII. Pathomorphological studies on the simultaneous occurrence of neoplasms of mesenchymal and epithelial origin in different organs and systems. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 3, 189-196.
The results of pathohistological studies in neoplasms of epithelial and mesenchymal origin, found at the same time in different organs and systems of one bird are presented. The neoplasms were observed in association with enzootic myelocytomatosis (MC), provoked by a leukosis sarcoma virus from the A, B and AB subgroups, in layer hens aged between 7-15 months. The enzooty was characterized clinically and morphologically only by MC lesions in 38.4% of all birds, by leukosis and other non-leukosis neoplasms in 35.6% and only by non-leukosis neoplasms without MC in 26% of hens.
The simultaneous presence of neoplasms of mesenchymal and epithelial origin in different organs of a bird was observed in 18% of all 122 studied birds. In 5% of the cases, the neoplasms were encountered together with MC lesions; in the rest 13% - without MC lesions. For instance, in some cases, a nephroblastoma and a haemangiosarcoma in the oviduct or rabdomyosarcomas in the skeletal musculature were present at a time. In another - a renal papilliferous cystadenocarcinoma and an osteochondrosarcoma of the sternum were observed, while in third – a hepatocellular carcinoma and a myxosarcoma in the lung and heart or a fibrosarcoma to the peritoneal serosa.
The observed character of tumour incidence was unusual for avian neoplasms, induced by leukosis sarcoma viruses.
Key words: avian leukosis, avian leukosis viruses, birds, myelocytomatosis, neoplasms