Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 4, No 1, MARCH, 2001
CONTENTS
1
M. TZaneva, D. Prangova and A. Vodenicharov
Morphological studies upon the ulcerogenic effect of single and multiple applications of acetylsalicylic acid on gastric mucosa in albino rats9
M. Rasheva
Nucleus Fragmented Cell in Bovine Peripheral Blood21
A. Haritova
Influence of metamizole and dexamethasone on amikacin pharmacokinetics in dogs33
43
53
M. Lyutskanov
a study upon carriership duration of moraxella bovis in face flies59
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 4, Number 1, March 2001, Summaries
Tzaneva, M., D. Prangova and A. Vodenicharov, 2001. Morphological studies upon the ulcerogenic effect of single and multiple applications of acetylsalicylic acid on gastric mucosa in albino rats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 1, 1–8.
The changes in gastric mucosa, occurring after experimentally induced acute and chronic acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) damage were studied. The experiments were performed on 40 male albino Wistar rats. At hour 24 after the application of a single ASA dose of 250 mg/kg b.w., deep erosions in the corpus mucosa in a process of epithelization were found out. Around the fibroblasts, located at the bottom and on the edges of those erosions, single collagen fibrils were observed. After a 10- and 20-day application of ASA, deep chronic erosions were seen 24 hours following the last application. Both the light microscopic and the electron microscopic studies revealed an inflammation infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes, plasmatic cells, fibroblasts and single macrophages. Along the edges and at the bottom of deep chronic erosions, single collagen fibrils were discovered by Van Gieson staining and by elecron microscopy. Few blood vessels were present at the bottom of erosions. Those results evidenced that ASA decreased collagen synthesis and slowed down the angiogenesis at the bottom of deep chronic gastric erosions.
Key words: acetylsalicylic acid, collagen, deep erosions, fibroblasts
Rasheva, M., 2001. Nucleus fragmented cell in bovine peripheral blood. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 1, 9–20.
Through morphological observations of coloured preparations of isolated mononuclear suspensions of total peripheral bovine blood, a specific cell population of nucleus fragmented cells (NFrC) was discribed. The atypical morphology of this cell(s) was presented by two cell types: spontaneous and organized.
On the basis on investigations upon different groups of cattle, the percentage of those cells in peripheral blood was found. The possibilities of being an artifact are discussed and its existence peripartum in both normal and pathological states are presented. A hypothesis for its origin, function, and cell population affiliation is suggested.
Key words: cattle, blood, cell, morphology
Haritova, A., 2001. Influence of metamizole and dexamethasone on amikacin pharmacokinetics in dogs, Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 1, 21–32.
The pharmacokinetics of amikacin (AMK) administered intravenously and subcutaneously independently and after intramuscular administration of metamizole or dexamethasone in female dogs has been studied.
After a single i.v. injection of AMK, the elimination half-life (t1/2b) was 1.36±0.25 h. The distribution rate constants k12 and k21 were 0.96±0.34 h-1 and 2.54±0.71 h-1, respectively The volume of the central compartment (Vc) was 0.155±0.01 l/kg and the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) was 0.225±0.01 l/kg. The total body clearance was 2.10±0.19 ml/kg/min. Under the influence of metamizole the values of k12 and k21 were 3.5 and 2.5 times higher, respectively. The Vc and Vss were significantly decreased by 21.29 % and 17.33 %, respectively. When AMK was co-administered with dexamethasone, only the value of kel was significantly increased two times.
After a single s.c. injection of AMK the t1/2b value was 1.3±0.06 h and mean absorption time (MAT) was 1.17±0.19 h. The absolute bioavailability was 107.27±14.31 %. When amikacin was administered subcutaneously following pretreatment with metamizole, there was a tendency towards higher antibiotic plasma levels. The MAT value was nearly 4 times higher and the t1/2b value was significantly higher with 30.77 %. Therefore, we assumed that the route of antibiotic administration plays a role, when these drugs were given simultaneously. The kinetic interaction between amikacin and metamizole could be of clinical significance and may require adjustment of amikacin dosage.
After subcutaneous injection of amikacin following a pretreatment of dexamethasone, the pharmacokinetics of AMK was not changed significantly.
Key words: amikacin, dexamethasone, dogs, drug interactions, metamizole, pharmacokinetics
Nikolov, Y., 2001. Influence of toxic doses of nitrate and saccharose upon some haematological and blood biochemical parameters in sheep. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 1, 33-42.
The experiments were performed on 12 sheep divided into two groups: group I, treated orally with 0.65 g/kg b.w. potassium nitrate and 10.0 g/kg b.w. saccharose dissolved in 1.5 l water and group II, treated similarly with 1.0 g/kg b.w. potassium nitrate and 20.0 g/kg b.w. saccharose two hours after the morning feeding. At hours 72, 48, 24 prior to the treatment and immediately before it - hour 0 blood samples were obtained from v. jugularis for determination of haemoglobin and methaemoglobin concentrations, red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) counts, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the differential WBC counts and the amounts of blood sugar and lactate. Those parameters were followed out after the treatment of both groups at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24 and 48.
It was determined that haemoglobin concentrations decreased following post treatment hour 4. They ranged between 6.2-6.3 g/100 ml for group I and 5.7 – 5.9 g/100 ml for group II (p<0.05). Methaemoglobin concentrations were increased up to hour 6 to 9.0 ± 0.3 % of total haemoglobin (group I) and 18.1 ± 1.2 % (group II, p<0.05). A clear erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, delayed ESR, lactacidaemia and hyperglycaemia (after hour 6) were observed. Those haematological and biochemical parameters could be used as markers in the diagnostics of this pathology condition in sheep.
Key words: blood sugar, blood lactate, erythrocytes, leukocytes, haemoglobin, methaemoglobin, intoxication, nitrates, saccharose, sheep
Lyutskanov, M., 2001. Comparative study on the resistance of enterotoxicogenic Escherichia coli (etec) isolated from pigs in the early 80-ties and the late 90-ties. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 1, 43–52.
A comparative study upon the resistance of enterotoxicogenic Escherichia coli (etec) isolated in the early 80-ties and the late 90-ties from newborn pigs with clinical signs of colienterotoxicosis was performed. The behaviour to seven of the most commonly used antibiotics from miscellaneous chemical groups was tested.
The tests were performed using the disk diffusion method. The analysis of data was based on the three-stage categorization according to Bauer-Kirby as well as on a comparative study on cumulative curves of resistant isolates.
An significant increase in the percentages of ETEC isolates, resistant to aminoglycosides-aminocyclitoles, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol, as well as to flumequine was observed. The sensitivity to enrofloxacin was preserved.
Key words: cumulative curves, enterotoxicogenic E. coli, resistance
Lyutskanov, M., 2001. A study upon carriership duration of Moraxella bovis in face flies. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 1, 53–58.
The carriership duration of Moraxella bovis on body surface and in the alimentary tract of face flies was studied in experimental conditions. The flies were infected via feeding a broth culture of the referent Epp63 strain and an additional pulverization with a cultural spray.
Samples from infected flies were daily examined microbiologically for detection of M. bovis.
It was found out that the bacteria was isolated for 4 days in the viscera of flies (alimentary tract) whiel it persisted for a week on body surfaces of flies. The role of flies as mechanical vectors in the mechanism of transmission of bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis is discussed.
Key words: face fly, keratoconjunctivitis, Moraxella bovis, Musca autumnalis
Dinev, I., 2001. Clinical and morphological studies on spontaneous myelocytomatosis in layer-hens associated with other neoplasms. V. Pathomorphological studies on an unusually high incidence of low-differentiated renal neoplasms (nephroblastomas). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 4, No 1, 59–66.
The results of pathohistological studies on nephroblastomas - a neoplasm, that is normally infrequent in birds, are described in a population of layer hens, aged 7-15 months, with more than 10% affected birds. The tumours were observed in association with an enzootically occuring myelocytomatosis.
In 42% of cases, nephroblastomas were encountered together with myelocytomatous lesions, while in the other 58% - in birds without leukosis lesions. In all cases, nephroblastomas were located unilaterally (28% in the left kidney and 72% in the right one). Histologically, the studied nephroblastomas showed an extremely varied structure not only among single tumours, but among the different regions of a given neoplasm too. In 42% of cases, apart nephroblastomas, there were other types of neoplasms both from mesenchymal and epithelial origin (for instance cavernous haemangioma in the oviduct, rabdomyosarcoma in the pectoral musculature and leiomyosarcoma in the small intestine).
Key words: avian leukosis, avian leukosis viruses, birds, myelocytomatosis, neoplasms, nephroblastoma