Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 3, No 2-3, NOVEMBER, 2000
CONTENTS
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 3, Number 2-3, November 2000, Summaries
Vodenicharov, A. and M. Tzaneva, 2000. Histochemical and morphological studies on mast cells in the gastric submucosa of rats following treatment with acetylsalicylic acid. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 2-3, 73 – 80.
Histochemical and morphological studies on mast cells localized in the gastric submucosa of rats after application of 250 mg/kg b.w. acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) dissolved in 1 ml polyethylenglycol 400 via a gastric tube have been performed. Thirthy rats divided into three equal groups were used: controls, a group with a single ASA application and a group with multiple daily ASA applications for 20 consecutive days. Statistically significant differences in the count of mast cells in the different groups, as well as in their histochemical characteristics (glycosaminoglycan contents and biogenic amines) were found. On the basis of results it was concluded that mast cells participated in the formation of acute gastric erosions and that the latter became chronic through a different mechanism in rats compared to humans.
Key words: mast cells, stomach, erosions, acetylsalicylic acid, histochemistry, morphology.
Hadjiev, G., G. Kostov, I. Chenchev, V. Bumbarov and Y. Ivanov, 2000. Preparation of diagnosticums from referent avian influenza A virus (grippe) strains and attempts for the detection of the disease in Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 2-3, 81 – 88.
Inactivated antigens from the allantoamnionic fluids (AAF) and chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of hen embryos (HE) infected with the avian influenza A virus (grippe) were prepared. Referent viral strains from the subtypes H-2, H-5, H-6 and H-8 were used for that purpose. The titers for the 50% endpoint infection dose (EID50) of strains for HE were within the range 5.52 - 8.26 lg/ml and their haemagglutination titers - from 1:256 to 1:512. Antigens were predominantly used for screening studies of avian sera with the tests: agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), reaction of haemagglutination inhibition (RHI), complement fixation reaction (CFR) (with informative purpose) and the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIFR). With the AGID test, two positive seroreagents were detected among samples from 2 farms. Using RHI in a previous period in other 2 farms, there were positive samples against the H-5 subtype. The data of virological studies of specimens from different poultry breeding farms including the forementioned farms evidenced the lack of influenza infection in the country.
Key words: avian influenza virus, antigens, antisera, immunodiffusion, haemagglutination, haemagglutination inhibition.
Lashev, L., 2000. Age-related differences in phenoxymethylpenicillin pharmacokinetics in chickens following oral application. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, 2-3, 89–94.
The pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin following single oral application to chickens at the age of 1 day to 4 months was studied. Clearly manifested age-related differences, expressed in decreased peak serum concentrations, lower area under the curve serum concentrations - time and enhanced elimination rate of the antibiotic in older birds were observed. On the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters, phenoxymethylpenicillin doses were calculated in the various avian age groups. The effective dose for one-month old chickens and one-week old chickens was 90% and 41% of that for four-months old birds, respectively.
After a single oral application in one-week old birds, the antibiotic was regularly distributed in tissues and was detected in therapeutic concentrations in kidneys, liver, muscles, lungs and heart. The highest concentrations were found out in kidneys and liver.
Key words: age-related differences, hen, pharmacokinetics, phenoxymethylpenicillin
Dilov, P., G. Angelov, G. Mihailov, A. Pankov, T. Todorov, T. Angelova, V. Vrabcheva, P. Parvanov, I. Ralchev, P. Zunev, 2000. Study on the local and systemic tolerance to metamizole (Analgin) in target animals. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 2-3, 95 – 100.
The local and systemic tolerance to metamizole under the form of 30% injectable solution (preparation Analgin 30%, Biovet Ltd., Peshtera) after intramuscular (horses, cows) and intravenous (horses, goats, dogs) administration was tested according to the requirements of veterinary preparations registration in the Republic of Bulgaria and the EC directives. It was found out that metamizole doses equal to 3-5 ED50, applied for several days did not provoke changes in injection site, characteristic for the local intolerance. The followed clinical and laboratory indices (body temperature, heart and respiratory rates, blood morphology and biochemistry) were not indicative for toxic manifestations (liver and excretory system damage, haematopoesis troubles, metabolic disturbances or other side effects). Our results evidenced that metamizole (30% Analgin) showed a good local and systemic tolerance.
Key words: analgin, goats, horses, cows, dogs, metamizole, tolerance to metamizole.
Dinev, D., D. Dimov, G. Simeonova, Y. Begov, 2000. Semi-open abdominal drainage (laparostoma) in dogs - clinical, experimental, laboratory and histological findings. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 2-3, 101–112.
The technique of the semi-open peritoneal drainage (laparostoma) in dogs, using a mesh polycaproamide material is described. Several clinical and laboratory parameters as well as the fate of the polymer were followed out.
The experiment was performed in 8 mixed-breed dogs from both sexes, aged 2-5 years, weighing 13.3 ± 1.8 kg. They were subjects to an experimental model of peritonitis, provoked via the creation of an ischemic intestinal loop. After 18 hours, an operative inspection for removal of the necrotized intestinal segment was performed. The abdominal cavity was left semi-open, creating a laparostoma with the Bulgarian polycaproamide material AmpoxenÒ reticulate sheets. The studies evidenced the advantages of the semi-open method of drainage as a supplementary method of treatment in peritonitis because of the restriction of toxins absorption, attenuation of endotoxin shock manifestations, minimum damage of both liver and kidneys, insignificant changes in both clinical and laboratory findings. The hypoproteinemia and the fluid deficit as well as the tendency towards hypercoagulation in the early few days after the formation of laparostoma should be considered when composing a supplementary therapeutic schedule. Both visually and histologically, it was observed that the connective tissue embedding the aloplastic mesh formed a reliable biological pack closing securely the defect in laparostoma site without need of later removal of the sheet.
Key words: experimental peritonitis, dogs, open peritoneal drainage, haematological and histological studies.
Gergovska, Zh., J. Mitev, L. Yordanova, N. Todorov and T. Miteva, 2000. Some factors affecting live weight, daily gain and body condition in dairy cows during the dry period, live weight of newborn calves and their interrelations. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 2-3, 113 – 124.
The study included 763 calvings, 199 of which were of cows from the Bulgarian Black and White breed and 564 – from the Bulgarian Brown breed. The live weight of all animals was recorded. Their body condition score was determined at drying off, prior and post partum. The relationships between the live weight, the average daily gain, the body condition of cows and the live weight of the offsprings at calving as well as the effect of seasons, age (number of lactation), the year of calving, the breed, and the length of the dry period on those parameters were studied.
The live weight of cows varied according to their age and degree of fatness. Older cows were predisposed to storing more body reserves compared to younger ones at an uniform level of feeding. Fatter cows gave birth to calves with greater live weight. In spite of their bigger live weight, the relative share of their calves is lower as to the mother’s live weight and also as to the total of live weight loss at calving.
The average daily gain depended greatly on dry period length, the body condition and the live weight of cows at the beginning of the dry period.
The primary parameter for controlling the feeding of dry cows should be the body condition at the beginning of the dry period. The aim should be a body condition score (BCS) of about 3.5-4 points before calving.
Key words: body condition score, daily gain, interrelation, live weight, live weight of newborn calves.
Draganov, P.I., P.Ts. Georgiev, B. I. Likov, Y. D. Stoilova, N. H. Ribarova, H. T. Radeva, T. T. Dimitrova, A. N. Grosev, K. P. Milanov, 2000. Morbidity rate of some microbial zoonoses in Bulgaria and efficacy of the epidemic control in the period 1980-1996. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 2-3, 125–134.
An analysis of the morbidity rates of some microbial zoonoses in Bulgaria is presented, showing that the problem is still actual. In the country there are about 150 nosological entities, common for humans and animals, and the majority of infectious diseases, discovered during the last two decaded are actually zooantroponoses. The difficulties encountered in their control is related to the complex and resistant biocenological formations, such as natural infectious foci.
The natural and geographical conditions in Bulgaria are favourable for the maintenance and distribution of those diseases in constant natural foci, especially in the regions in South Bulgaria. During the last 20 years, the morbidity dynamics of some of them tends to be descendent. The brucellosis was eliminated, the anthrax - confined to single cases (8-10 per year) and the rabies was not observed until 1994.The new social and economical conditions changed some of these tendencies. The expert evaluations are foreseeing a worsening of the epizootologic status.
Key words: zoonoses, zooanthroponoses, natural foci, epidemiologic supervision, epidemiologic control, efficacy of control.
Dinev, I., 2000. Clinical and morphological studies on spontaneous myelocytomatosis in layer-hens associated with other neoplasms. IV. Pathomorphological studies on an unusually high incidence of neoplasms originating of muscle tissue. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 2-3, 135 – 142.
The morphological characteristics of malignant neoplasms of myogenic origin with an unusually high incidence, accompanying an enzootic myelocytomatosis (MC) in layer hens in an advanced age (7-15 months) are described.
Depending on the genesis of the malignant muscle tissue neoplasms, about 10% of all 112 cases were identified as rabdomyosarcomas and 3% - as leiomyosarcomas. In 40% of rabdomyosarcomas, the tumours were present in hens with a coexistent myelocytomatosis in the liver.
Depending on myogenic tumours’ localization, the multiple rabdomyosarcomas in skeletal muscles (sternal, femoral, abdominal, masseters, subcutis) were dominating. In 20% of birds with primary localization of rabdomyosarcomas in sternal muscles, the tumours gave metastates in femoral, tracheal, intercostal muscles, the hard palate and the heart. Leiomyosarcomas were found out in the smooth muscles of the alimentary tract, the mesovarium and the subcutis.
The histological structure of tumours was highly variable among tumours as well as in the different parts of one tumour.
Key words: avian leukosis, avian leukosis viruses, myelocytomatosis, neoplasms, rabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma.