Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)


ISSN 1311-1477

Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL.
3, No 1, march, 2000

 

 

CONTENTS

 

1

P. SIMOENS,  A. VODENICHAROV, D. DIMITROV, W. VAN DEN BROECK
and  H. LAUWERS

Arteriolar and glomerular dimensions in the porcine renal cortex:
a morphometric study on corrosion casts and histologic sections

13

D. J. Dimitrova, D. A. Pashov, I. N. Kanelov
Flucloxacillin pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral administration in dogs

19

P. Sotirova, Y. Tyagunenko, K. Rachkova, V. Urumova, G. Lazarova, D. Rukanova, H. Djeneva, I. Dukova
resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from humans and animals.  II. Comparative analysis of  the antibacterial resistance of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospital patients and animals

27

Y. Nikolov
Influence of toxic nitrate and saccharose concentrations upon the clinical status in sheep

37

I. borissov
reconstruction of fractured canine teeth with cast metal crowns and pulpar pins

41

J. Mitev, Z. Gergovska, N.Todorov, P. Petkov, M. Dimitrov and S. Sabev
The Relationship Between Calving Difficulty and Post Partum Disorders and their Influence on Milk Production in the Early Lactation of Dairy Cows

53

P. D. Deyanova, M. T. Deyanov and G. Mihailov
prevalence of porcine and bovine leptospirosis
in the Stara Zagora region in 1997-1998

59

I. Dinev
Clinical and morphological studies on spontaneous myelocytomatosis in layer-hens associated with other neoplasms. III. Pathomorphological studies on an unusually high incidence of mixed mesenchymal epithelial tumours (carcinosarcomas)

 

Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

 

 

Volume 3, Number 1, March 2000, Summaries

 

Simoens, P., A. Vodenicharov, D. Dimitrov, W. van den Broeck and H. Lauwers, 2000. Arteriolar and glomerular dimensions in the porcine renal cortex: a morphometric study on corrosion casts and histologic sections.  Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 112.

The diameters of 650 superficial cortical and 650 juxtamedullary glomeruli as well as the calibres of their afferent and efferent arterioles were measured on vascular corrosion casts and histologic sections from fifteen kidneys of 6 months old Belgian Landrace pigs weighing 100 ± 5 kg. The statistical analysis of data for glomerular diameters and arteriolar calibres demonstrated significant differences among  various types of casting polymers and histologic procedures. Despite the differences due to technical processing, several constant vascular characteristics were found in all kidneys examined.  The glomeruli in the superficial cortical zone were significantly smaller than the juxtamedullary glomeruli. The average diameter of afferent arterioles was significantly higher than that of efferent arterioles. This difference was present in both the superficial cortical and juxtamedullary zones, but was more pronounced in the former zone.

Key words: renal arterioles, glomeruli, morphometry, kidney, pig

 

Dimitrova, D. Y., D. A. Pashov and I. N. Kanelov, 2000. Flucloxacillin pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral administration in dogs.  Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 1326. 

A study on flucloxacillin pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration at a dose of 25 mg/kg m. in dogs was performed. The average biological half-life of the medication following intravenous application was 1.36±0.05 h. The area under the concentration-time curve was 15.02±1.40 mg.h /ml and the volume of distribution -3423.44±412.12 ml/kg.

When applied orally, the tested isoxazolyl penicillin was rapidly absorbed from the alimentary tract (t1/2ab =0.13±0.03 h), with peak serum concentrations 0.17 h after the administration (Cmax = 17.91±0.93 mg/ml). The bioavailability of the drug during oral application was 70.63 %.

 Key words: flucloxacillin, pharmacokinetics, dogs

 

Sotirova, P.,  Y. Y. Tyagunenko, K. Rachkova, V. Urumova, G. Lazarova, D. Rukanova, H. Djeneva and I. Dukova, 2000. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from humans and animals.  II. Comparative analysis of  the antibacterial resistance of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospital patients and animals. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 1926.

The in vitro resistance of hospital methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus strains was compared. The study was performed on 100 hospital isolates (University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine) and 30 animal isolates (Clinics of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine). The sensitivity to 20 antibiotics was determined according to the disc diffusion method of Bauer-Kirby. The methicillin-oxacillin resistance was evidenced via the presence of growth on oxacillin-salt screening agar with 6 mg/ml oxacillin and 4% NaCl and interpretation of the zone of inhibition around a disc containing 1 mg oxacillin. Thirthy-three percents of studied strains were determined as methicillin-resistant. The comparison of the resistance of MRSA and MSSA was done according to the respective percents of resistance and confidence limits as well as the cumulative resistance curves. It was shown that 50-90% of MRSA strains were resistant to the tested aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin) while the sensitivity of MSSA strains was 95-100%. The resistance towards erythromycin was 36.4% for MRSA strains and 16.4% for MSSA strains. The respective percentages for chloramphenicol were 33.3% and 7.5%, to ceftazidime - 90.9% and 9.0%, to rifamycin - 30.3% and 3.0%. Strains for both groups were vancomycin-sensitive, as expected. About 20% of MRSA strains were resistant to the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin, while no MSSA strain was ciprofloxacin-resistant and only 2 MSSA strains were pefloxacin-resistant. Significant differences in the in vitro antimicrobial resistance between both groups of oisolates to the other tested drugs was not detected. The results confirmed the multiresistance of methicillin/oxacillin resistant S. aureus organisms, that included resistance not only to beta-lactams, but to other clinically important drugs as aminoglycosides, fuoroquinolones, macrolides etc. 

Key words: methicillin/oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, cumulative curves, antibiograms, multiresistance

 

Nikolov, Y., 2000. Influence of toxic nitrate and saccharose concentrations upon the clinical status in sheep. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 2736.

Intoxications with nitrates/nitrites and with forages rich in  easily digestible carbohydrates are responsible for considerable economical losses in ruminants in cases of simultaneous ingestion. This motivated our study in sheep aiming to elucidate the syndrome with diagnostical purposes. The experiment was performed in three groups of sheep: control (untreated); experimental group I, treated orally with 0.65 g/kg b.w. potassium nitrate and 10.0 g/kg b.w. saccharose and experimental group II, treated similarly with 1.0 g/kg b.w. potassium nitrate and 20.0 g/kg b.w. saccharose.

Some clinical parameters (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, rumen movements, rumen pH) were followed out at hours 72, 48, 24 prior to the treatment, immediately before the treatment (hour 0) and at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24 and 48 after the treatment. It was determined that the simultaneous ingestion of toxic concentrations of nitrites and carbohydrates resulted in increased body temperature, heart and respiratory rates while rumen pH and rumen movements decreased between posttreatment hours 6 and 12. A lethal issue was observed in a single case from experimental group II. The ingestion of toxic doses of saccharose and nitrates was not clinically manifested up to hour 4 after the treatment. Afterwards, the toxic action of saccharose metabolites was predominating. 

Key words: nitrates, saccharose, intoxication, clinical status, sheep.

 

Borissov, I., 2000. Reconstruction of fractured canine teeth with cast metal crowns and pulpar pins.  Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 3740.

During the last few years, a significant increase in the number of dogs with traumatic dental problems was observed and particularly those with fractured canine teeth.

In the period 1994-1998 12 dogs from the breeds German Shepherd, Dobermann, Pitbull and Bullterrier were reffered with complete fractures of totally 34 canine teeth. After the endodonthic treatment, preparation of teeth and  taking of dental imprints according to routine methods, the fractured teeth were reconstructed via moulded metal crowns and parapulpar pins. The length of the latter was 16-22 mm according to the depth of the pulpar channel. The metal crowns were fixed to the remaining tooth with chemopolymers.

All recontructed teeth were observed for 36 months. Complications occurred only in 2 teeth (new fractures and removal of the crown). The method of reconstruction of fractured teeth with moulded metal crowns and pulpar pins is relatively easy to be performed and could be done in two stages. The efficacy was about 96%. It was found to be perspective for application in the veterinary dental practice in Bulgaria. 

Key words: fractured teeth, metal crowns, veterinary dentistry

 

Mitev, J., Z. Gergovska, N.Todorov, P. Petkov, M. Dimitrov and S. Sabev, 2000. The relationship between calving difficulty and post partum disorders and their influence on milk production in the early lactation of dairy cows. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 41 52. 

761 calvings have beem included in the study: 159 of which were from Bulgarian Black and White cows and 566 from Bulgarian Brown multiparous cows. Cows have been reared on one and the same farm, tied, milked twice daily.

The factors that influenced the occurrence of calving difficulties, metritis, postparturient paresis, ketosis and laminitis as well as the interrelationship among them and their influence on the average daily milk yield during the first month of lactation have been studied.

The obesity of cows with body condition score (BCS) above 4 points prepartum resulted in higher live weight of newborn calves and a significantly increased risk of difficult calvings. The latter could result in risk of retained placenta. The principla causes for postparturient metritis were the problems at calving, the retained placenta and ketosis.

The risk of postparturient ketosis increased in obese cows with BCS above 4 points. The low as well as the high BCS before calving increased the risk of postparturient paresis in cows.

The diseases related to metabolic disorders - ketosis and postparturient paresis, increased the rsik of laminitis after calving. Calving difficulties and early metritis had no significant influence on the average daily milk yield during the first month of lactation. Metabolic disorders and laminitis caused a considerable decrease in the average daily milk yield of cows during the first month of lactation. 

Key words: BCS, calving difficulty, dairy cows, early lactation, milk production, postparturient disorders.

 

Deyanova, P.,  M. T. Deyanov and G. Mihailov, 2000. Prevalence of porcine and bovine leptospirosis
in the Stara Zagora region in 1997-1998
. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 53–58. 

The prevalence of porcine and bovine leptospirosis in the region of Stara Zagora was studied. A total of 11341 blood samples (3894 porcine and 7447 bovine) were analysed. The diagnostics was performed retrospectively with live Leptospira pomona, L. tarassovi and L. icterohaemorrhagiae cultures via the detection of specific blood antibodies using the microagglutination reaction (MAR) lysis. Leptospirosis was evidenced in 51 settlements and farms (26 in swine and 25 in cattle). A tencency towards increase of leptospirosis in swine was determined. Practical recommendations are presented as well. 

Key words: cattle, diagnostics of leptospirosis, incidence of leptospirosis, leptospirosis, swine.

 

Dinev, I., 2000. Clinical and morphological studies on spontaneous myelocytomatosis in layer-hens associated with other neoplasms. III. Pathomorphological studies on an unusually high incidence of mixed mesenchimal  epithelial tumours (carcinosarcomas).  Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 3, No 1, 59 66

The present report describes the morphological characteristics of a rare neoplasma - carcinosarcoma with an unusually high percent of incidence (about 10%) in the conditions of myelocytic enzooty in layer-hens. The latter is furthermore associated with an exceptionally high presence of various neoplasms from a various type (mesenchymal, mixed mesenchymal and epithelial) or with the simultaneous presence of tumours of mesenchymal and epithelial origin in one avian organism. Clinically and morphologically, the enzooty is manifested only with myelocytomatous signs in part of the birds; in another part - with leucosis lesions and other neoplasms; in third - only with tumours of non-haemopoetic origin.

A primary morphological feature of carcinosarcoma is the significant variety in the degree of differentiation in its mesenchymal and epithelial component. 

Key words: birds, neoplasms, bird leukosis, myelocytomatosis, and avian leukosis viruses