Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 2, No 2-3, OCTOBER, 1999
CONTENTS
69
Martinov, S.
Actual scientific aspects of the subject of chlamydiae and chlamydial infections in animals and men85
Vodenicharov, A. and M. Gulubova
Morphological and histochemical investigations on mitral valve mast cells93
Kanelov, I.
Subchronic toxicity of bromhexotylosin water soluble granules in pigs101
Paskalev M., S. Vitanov and G. Baltadgiev
Histological studies following the transplantation of three types bone grafts in dogs109
Dyakov, I., A. Motovski; V. Manov, L. Dumanova and D. Motovski
Trials of a nasal vaccination in pigs against the Aujeszky’s disease121
Georgieva, D. A., A. Ivanov and P. Prelesov
Studies on the parasitic fauna in stray dogs in the Stara Zagora region125
Georgieva, D. A., P. Prelesov and V. Koynarski
Parasitological study of soil and sand samples from different regions of Stara Zagora131
Dinev I., D. Stoykov, I and Bozadjiev
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SPONTANEOUS COENUROSIS IN CALVES137
Mihailov, R., V. Lasheva and L. Lashev
Published by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 2, Number 2, October 1999, Summaries
Martinov, S., 1999. Actual scientific aspects of the subject of chlamydiae and chlamydial infections in animals and men. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 2, No 2-3, 69–83.
Data about chlamydiae and chlamydial infections in both animals and humans are presented, as well as contemporarty views in chlamydology and the personal investigations of the author. The first part of the article describes the principal characteristics of chlamydial biology as pathogens and etiological agents. The principles of diagnostics of diseases are presented. The second part presents several diseases and syndromes caused by Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Key words: Chlamydiae, chlamydiosis, trachoma, psittacosis.
Vodenicharov, A. and M. Gulubova, 1999. Morphological and histochemical investigations on mitral valve mast cells. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,2, No 2-3, 85–92.
The distribution, shape, size and some histochemical characteristics of mast cells in the mitral valves of eight patients (5 men and 3 women) aged from 27 to 60 years, suffering from non-cardiac diseases, were studied.
It was established that the prevalent part of mast cells was situated in the atrial part of the valve. They were comparatively fewer in the vicinity of endothelial cells of the atrial side and the base of the valve. In most of the sections, mast cells had an oval shape. More rarely, a rhomboid, cylindrical, round and irregular shape was observed. The histochemical investigations showed a well expressed g-metachromasia and safranin- positive reaction on sections, stained with toluidine blue and alcian blue-safranin, respectively. The obtained results suggested a functional interrelationship between the valve’s endothelium and the mast cells. Some of the mast cells were morphometrically investigated and compared with data from previous similar studies in domestic swine and humans.
Key words: mast cells, mitral valve, human, morphology, histochemistry
Kanelov, I., 1999. Subchronic toxicity of Bromhexotylosin water soluble granules in pigs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 2, No 2-3, 93-99.
The study was carried out on 12 pigs, divided in three groups, treated with Bromhexotylosin water soluble granules (BTG) (containing 18 mg/g tylosin tartrate equivalent to tylosin base and 8 mg/g bromhexine hydrochloride) via the drinking water at daily doses of 0, 0.08 and 1.33 g/kg for 15 days.
The results showed that BTG did not induce any changes in the general condition of the animals. BTG tended to stimulate weight gain and feed efficiency. At a dose of 0.8 mg/kg BTG did not cause any significant effect on the studied biocemical indices. At 1.33 g/kg there was a tendency to increase in ASAT and ALAT activity and some dystrophic changes in both the liver and the heart, lineal hyperaemia and an activation of the capillary endothelium in investigated viscera, but did not reveal any signs of intoxication in the kidneys and the bowel mucous membrane.
Key words: tylosin, bromhexine, toxicity, pigs.
Paskalev M., S. Vitanov and G. Baltadgiev, 1999. Histological studies following the transplantation of three types bone grafts in dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,2, No 2-3, 101–108.
Cancellous bone grafts were transplanted in experimentally produced ulnar bone defects in 18 dogs, divided into three groups. The first group received fresh autocancellous bone (AuCB), the second - demineralized and freeze-dried allocancellous bone (AlCB) and the third - demineralized and freeze-dried xenocancellous bone (XeCB). At the end of each posttransplantation month up to month 6, one dog from each group was eutanized and a part of the ulna with the embedded transplant was prepared for a histological study. The most active osteogenesis was observed in the first group. In the other two groups it was slower with partial (in AlCB) and complete (XeCB) resorption of the graft. Furthermore in those groups an endochondral ossification occurred with presence of lymphocytes - an evidence of immune response.
Key words: dogs, bone grafts, histology
Dyakov, I., A. Motovski; V. Manov, L. Dumanova and D. Motovski, 1999. Trials of a nasal vaccination in pigs against the Aujeszky’s disease. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,2, No 2-3, 109–120.
Various routes of vaccination of pigs against the Aujeszky’s disease were tried out: intranasally (IN) or intramuscularly (IM) at the age of 6 weeks and IN at the age of 6 weks + IM at the age of 10 weeks. The experiment was performed in an industrial pig-breeding farm where the Aujeszky’s disease virus persisted and actively infected the animals of the herd. Clinical, pathomorphological, virological and serological studies have been carried out.
Respiratory disorders, more expressed in the non-vaccinated group and lacking in the IN vaccinated groups were observed. The involvement of the Aujeszky’s virus in their aetiology was proved. That confirmed the necessity of vaccinations in affected pig-breeding farms. During the whole experimental period, variations in the percent of seropositive animals and the antibody titer were observed - an evidence for the continuous replication of the virus un the group, that was the most intensive in the non-vaccinated and the least intensive in the IN + IM group. Those results correlated excellently with the pattern of development of piglets. About 30% of the twofold vaccinated pigs were negative for postinfectious (GE-) antibodies at the end of the period. This was a proof for restriction but not for eradication of the transmission of the virulent virus in the affected farm after the combined IN + IM vaccination with the MK vaccine.
Key words: Aujeszky's disease, vaccination schedule, intranasal vaccination, pigs
Georgieva, D. A., A. Ivanov and P. Prelesov, 1999. Studies on the parasitic fauna in stray dogs in the Stara Zagora region. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,2, No 2-3, 121–124.
The incidence of parasites in 20 stray dogs in the Stara Zagora region was studied via complete helminthological necropsy, ovoscopic observation of faeces taken from the rectum and trichinelloscopic analysis of diaphragmatic samples. The collected helminths were differentiated after colouring with carmine in lactate and lightening with equal parts of lactic acid and water.
Eleven helminthic species were found out in all necropsied dogs: five cestode species and six nematode species. The following extensity of the invasion (EI) was determined: Dipylidium caninum and Mesocestoides lineatus - 50%; Taenia hydatigena - 40%; Echinococcus granulosus - 20%; Ancylostoma caninum - 90%; Uncinaria stenocephala and Trichuris vulpis - 60%; Toxascaris leonina - 30%; Toxocara canis - 15%; è Dirofilaria immitis - 10%.
During the ovoscopic analysis of faeces, two samples (10%) were positive for Isospora spp. oocysts and 4 samples (20%) were positive for Sarcocystis spp. sporocysts.
No Trichinella spiralis larvae were found out after the examination of diaphragmatic samples.
The results of the study evidenced that stray dogs played an important role in the epizootology and the epidemiology of several parasitic diseases important for both humans and animals and proved the necessity of more profound studies and restriction of stray dogs population.
Key words: parasitic fauna; stray dogs, cestodes, nematodes, protozoans, zoonoses
Georgieva, D. A., P. Prelesov and V. Koynarski, 1999. Parasitological study of soil and sand samples from different regions of Stara Zagora. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,2, No 2-3, 125–130.
One hundred and sixty-one samples (145 from soil and 16 from sand) from different areas of Stara Zagora (parks, playgrounds, gardens, pavements) were collected in the period March-July 1998. Five grams of each sample were examined for parasitic eggs and coccidian oocysts using the method of Data, 1979 with flotation and centrifugation. For flotation, a ZnSO4 solution with a density of 1.20 was used. Ten grams of each sample were inspected for nematode larvae according to the method of Berman.
The most numerous positive samples were those for Toxocara canis eggs - 60 (37.3%) followed by samples positive for Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria spp. - 16 (9.9%), Toxascaris leonina - 14 (8.7%), Taenia spp. - 12 (7.5%), Trichuris spp. - 2 (1. 2%) and coccidian oocysts - 1 (0.6%). Tick eggs were found out in 10 (6.2%) and 3 (1. 9%) samples respectively. All sand and soil samples were positive for larvae and freely living sexually mature Strongyloides spp. The results showed that soil was a source for invasion of humans and animals. Invaded dogs and cats contaminated the environment with eggs and larvae.
The improvement of the veterinary services, the restriction of stray dogs population and the better health education would contribute to the confinement of various dangerous parasitoses.
Key words: soild, sand, ovoscopy, larvoscopy, dogs, hard ticks
Dinev I., D. Stoykov, I. Bozadjiev, 1999. Clinical and morphological studies in spontaneous coenurosis in calves. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,2, No 2-3, 131–136.
A rare case of enzootic coenurosis in a herd of calves aged 7-14 months was observed. The animals were bred freely in a pasture with a plenty of stray dogs around. They were accompanied by herd dogs that were never dehelminthized.
All six calves were invaded. Three of them died and the other three were slaugthered.
Nervous and paralytical signs - ataxia, loss of the herd instinct, haotic movements, paralytical seizures with spasmatic stretching of limbs, nistagmus, turning and warping of the head in different directions were observed. In the beginning those episodes alternated with pauses of clinical remission but their incidence progressively increased and one-two months later prostration, full exhaustion and death occurred. Only two calves performed manege movements - spining several times in circle, but rarely.
The pathoanatomical study of five calves revealed coenurosis cysts localized in the hemispheres (in three animals), in the cerebellum (in one calf) or simultaneously in the hemisphrese and the cerebellum (one animal). Their size varied from 2-3 to 5-6 cm in diameter and their number was from 1 to 3 at a time. A high degree of compressive atrophy of the adjacent nervous tissue and the bones overlying the calvarium was observed.
Key words: T. multiceps; coenurosis; calves
Mihailov, R., V. Lasheva and L. Lashev, 1999. some hematological values in Japanese quails. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 2, No 2-3, 137–139.
Investigations on hematological values of male and female (laying) Japanese quails compared to cocks and laying hens were carried out. No statistical differences between both species were found and some sex determined differences were observed among quails. Lower counts of thrombocytes and monocytes (evaluated by the Student,s t-test), and a tendency to lower hemoglobin levels of, lower red blood cells count, white blood cells in female individuals exist. The data presented are partly different from those published by other authors.
Key words: Japanese quail, hematological data.