Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 1, No 2, December 1998
CONTENTS
63
T. M. GUEORGUIEVA and I. P. GUEORGUIEV
NEW ASPECTS OF BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION IN NORMAL AND STRESS-SUSCEPTIBLE PIGS - A REVIEW71
77
R. BOSTANDZHIEVA, I. ZARKOV, P. PESHEVand KH. KHARALAMPIEV
OCCURRENCE OF ANIBODIES AGAINST THE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS OF SHEEP IN BULGARIA83
N. Sandev, N. Nicolova, M. Nicolova and B. TODOROV
APPLICATION OF ELISA AND IMMUNODIFFUSION METHOD (IDM) FOR DETECTION OF BOVINE LEUCOSIS VIRUS IN HIGHLY AFFECTED FARMS89
A. Ivanov
STUDIES ON SOME FEATURES IN THE BIOLOGY OF THE SARCOCYSTS IN GOATS95
105
D. Dinkov, A. Pavlov and L. Lashev
KINETICS OF THE RESIDUE LEVELS OF KANAMYCIN AND TRIMETHOPRIM IN POULTRY MEAT AT STORAGEPublished by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 1, Number 2, December 1998, Summaries
Gueorguieva, T. M. and I. P. Gueorguiev, 1998. New aspects of biochemical mechanisms of muscle contraction in normal and stress susceptible pigs - a revew. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 1, No 2, 63-70.
The current concepts of the specialized membrane systems and the molecular mechanisms of the muscle contraction, the organization of the skeletal muscle triad structure, as well as the deviations from the normal structure and function, have been discussed. The structure of the complexes of receptors that form the calcium-releasing channel is described, together with the modulations from different physiological and pharmacological agents. The presumable mechanisms are also discussed, on which the disrupted regulation of calcium concentration is based on, thus leading to a disfunction of the skeletal muscle metabolism in stress-susceptible pigs.
Key words: stress susceptibility, triad structure, skeletal muscle contraction, dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors, molecular disorders.
Lashev, L. 1998. Pharmacokinetics of apramycin and sulphaclorpyridazine coadministered with flavophospholipol and avoparcin to chickens. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 1, No 2, 71-76.
The pharmacokinetics of apramycin (APR) and sulphachlorpyridazine (SCP) was investigated after their i.v. and p.o. introduction to chickens received for 20 days flavomycin (FPL, II group) or avoparcin (AVP, III group) through the fodder, compared to controls (I group). After the i.v. introduction of APR statistically significant differences were existing between the blood levels of I and III groups. The APR distribution volume values (Vda) were lower in the III group; the elimination in group II and III was faster. After p.o. administration APR was poorly absorbed. A tendency for higher values of maximal serum levels and of the rate of elimination was recognised in the III group. The chickens, pretreated with FPL and AVP, eliminated faster SCP, injected i.v., compared to the controls. Statistically significant were the differences between I and III group. The values of Vda were lower in the two experimental groups, better expressed in the III group. The oral application of SCP was followed by higher values of bioavailability in both experimental groups. No change of APR and SCP oral doses is needed when the combinations of the drugs investigated are used.
Key words: flavophospholipol, avoparcin, apramycin, sulphachlorpyridazine, pharmacokinetics.
Bostandzieva, R., I. Zarkov, P. Peshev and Kh. Kharalampiev, 1998. Occurrence of antibodies against the respiratory syncytial virus of sheep in Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 1, No 2, 77-81.
564 blood samples of rams, sheep, replacement ewe lambs, weaned lambs and sucking lambs were studied to prove antibodies against the respiratory syncytial virus. Both microvirus neutralisational and blocking ELISA reactions were used. Positive results were obtained in 57.09 % (82.76% in weaned lambs, 71.04% in sheep, 58.33% in replacement ewe lambs, 41.93% in rams and 20.0% in sucking lambs) of the animals. A correlation in the results between the microvirus neutralisational reaction and the blocking ELISA was established.
key words: respiratory syncytial virus, sera, microvirus neutralisational reaction, blocking ELISA, sheep.
Sandev, N., N. Nikolova, M. Nikolova and B. Todorov, 1998. Application of ELISA and immunodiffusion method (IDM) for detection of bovine leukosis virus in highly affected farms. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 1, No 2, 83-88.
314 blood serum samples taken from cows, belonging to the Black-spotted cattle and the Bulgarian brown cattle breeds, kept in 3 farms in Stara Zagora region (characteristic with a wide distribution of the enzootic bovine leukosis) were studied. summarized results from the three farms showed that 95 samples (30.25%) were ELISA positive and 67 samples (21.3%) were IDM positive. The ELISA sensitivity, compared to the IDM's one, was estimated to be 98.5%, and that of IDM, compared to ELISA's - 69.5% at ELISA specificity of 88.25% and IDM's one - 99.5%. estimated results from the application of indirect ELISA with FAO/IAEA kit under the conditions of a widespread enzootic bovine leukosis emphasize the high diagnostic value of the method, as well as the necessity of its equalization and standartization. Investigations of that type could be useful for the accomplishment of a fast screening analysis in order to estublish the infection spreading.
Key words: enzootic leukosis, serological diagnostic, immunoenzymatic method - indirect ELISA, immunodiffusion method, equalization and standardization.
Ivanov, A. Studies on some features in the biology of the sarcocysts in goats, 1998. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 1, No 2, 89-94.
An experimental sarcocyst infection on five kids, infected per os with sporocysts of sarcocysts was reproduced. One of the kids, inoculated with 21 000 000 sporocysts, was killed on the 16th day post infection (DPI). Two kids were infected with 280 000 sporocysts, and other two - with 70 000 correspondingly. After an acute disorder manifested by anemia, loss of appetite and fever, the kids that had received 280 000 sporocysts, died on the 21st DPI and one of the kids that had had 70 000 sporocysts - on the 28th DPI. The basic changes that were established at the autopsy of both, the killed and the dead animals, were the hemorrhagic lesions in almost all of the internal organs. The most affected organ was the heart. The second kid, infected with 70 000 sporocysts, had clinical signs, but recovered and was killed on the 134 DPI. A lot of intramuscular cysts were found in its cardiac and skeletal musculature.
Two dogs were fed with musculature, containing cysts of sarcocysts, from a naturally and an experimentally infected goats. They started to excrete sporocysts on the 9th and the 10th day after the initial feeding.
It was estimated that dosages of over 70 000 sporocysts induce disease, exhibiting itself with clearly shown clinical signs and mortality during the IInd schyzogony in three-month-old kids. The results obtained correspond to the previous findings about the characteristic features of sarcocysts infection in dogs and goats: the prepatent period - 9-10 days, manifestation the Ist schyzogony on about the 16th DPI and manifestation of the IInd schyzogony on the 19th - 21st DPI.
Key words: sarcocysts, sarcosporidia, goats, sporocysts, and sarcocystosis.
Dinev, I., 1998. Clinico-morphological studies on spontaneous myelocytomatosis in layer-hens associated with other neoplasms. 1. Morphological and etiological studies in myelcytomatosis with atypical appearance. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 1, No 2, 95-103.
The studies reported are continuation of previous ones in which we described the special clinico-epizootological features and macroscopic lesions associated with three different types of morphological expression of myelocytomatosis (MC): solely MC, MC accompanied by a variety of other neoplasms and disease with tumors only without any macroscopically visible lesions attributive to MC. The investigations were made on materials, collected after a pathomorphological examination of corpses of killed or slaughtered birds, originating from a flock of 1620 layer-hens from the White Hisex breed. Nine isolates of the Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) were obtained, belonging to A, B and mixed AB subgroups. MC in the birds, from which the isolates were taken, was distinguished by some features from that one which is caused by the already known acute leukosis virus strains (MC 29 and CM II), as well as by the recently isolated and classified in a completely new subgroup (J) ALV - HPRS 103 (though some similarities were found with the ALV) by the proliferate location, the way of spreading and the unusually high distribution of other neoplasms from a rarely found type.
Key words: birds, neoplasms, bird leukosis, myelocytomatosis, and avian leukosis viruses
Dinkov, D., A. Pavlov and L. Lashev, 1998. Kinetics of the residue levels of kanamycin and trimethoprim in poultry meat at storage. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 1, No 2, 105-112.
Studies were carried out on the residue levels of kanamycin and trimethoprim in poultry meat and internal organs during their storage at -180. It has been estimated that the quantity of both substances in the musculature decreases during the storage. On the 15th day the level of kanamycin is about 40% from the initial one, and on the 30th day it decreases down to about 10%. The decreasing of the trimethoprim is slower and even after 90-day storage, substantial quantities were measured. The rate of decreasing of both kanamycin and trimethoprim levels in the internal organs was slower than those of the thoracal and the femoral musculature. The results were subject to a regression analysis using the least squares method after logarithmic transformation. It was estimated that both drugs showed double logarithmic linear dependence between the tissue concentration and time of storage for the periods from the 7th to the 90th day for the kanamycin, and from the 30th to the 180th day from the beginning of the storage for the trimethoprim. There was specificity in the rate of the tissue concentration decreasing during storage at the same temperature. In cases when for a particular substance this rate varied in close borders in the different tissues, there is an opportunity to extrapolate the data from one tissue to another.
Key words: residues, trimethoprim, kanamycin, poultry meat, storage.