ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 19, NUMBER 3, SEPTEMBER 2016
CONTENTS
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 19, Number 3, September 2016, Summaries
Urumova, V., 2016. Investigations on tetracycline resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from swine. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 179–188. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.992.
The distribution of tetracycline resistance in commensal E. coli strains, isolated from pigs at different stages of production system was investigated in four Bulgarian swine farms. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and particularly tetracycline resistance, as well as two tetracycline resistance genes were evaluated in Escherichia coli isolates from swine faeces and manure lagoons. A total of 109 E. coli isolates from 116 faecal samples and 7 samples from manure lagoons were tested by disk diffusion method to determine resistance patterns to 10 antimicrobial agents. Tetracycline resistance was determined by disk diffusion method, micro-broth dilution method and qPCR. About 83% of the E. coli isolates from swine were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, respectively. The highest resistance observed in swine E. coli isolates was that to tetracycline (75.2%). The resistant E. coli isolates to tetracycline were examined for the presence of tet genes: tet (A) and tet (B). The most commonly identified tet gene was tet (A), which was found in 96.4% of swine and manure lagoon isolates.
Key words:
commensal Escherichia coli, pig manure, tetracycline resistance
Ramalakshmi, B., F. Mukherjee, A. Prasad, V. S. Bahekar, S. K. Rana, G. K. Sharma & V. A. Srinivasan, 2016. Isolation and molecular confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes from three states of India. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 189–199. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.936.
In a random survey for identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle and buffaloes from states of Telangana, Maharashtra and Gujarat in India, a single time point sampling of 1,008 animals was undertaken. The samples: milk (n=605), faeces (n=381) and necropsy/post-mortem tissues (n=22) were initially processed for isolation of MAP in the MGIT BACTEC 960 system, which detected 22 out of 1,008 as MAP. All 22 samples were sub-cultured in Middlebrook 7H10 agar, Herrold’s Egg Yolk medium (HYEM) and 7H9 broth supplemented with Mycobactin J. The three media showed different sensitivities in supporting the growth of field MAP strains. Only 9 out of 22 BACTEC 960 positive cultures grew on Middlebrook 7H10 agar, and 7H9 broth supplemented with Mycobactin J, while 8 out of 22 cultures grew on HYEM. Seven out of 9 positive cultures originated from milk samples from cattle, while the remaining 2 positive cultures were from necropsy and post-mortem tissues of cattle and buffalo respectively. MAP could not be isolated from faecal samples. All cultures grown on 7H10 agar, HYEM, 7H9 broth supplemented with Mycobactin J revealed acid fast bacilli on staining. In a recently developed in-house Real Time PCR targeting the MAP-specific insertion element ISMav2, only 8 out of the 9 field isolates were identified as MAP.
Key words: culture, Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Real Time PCR
Romański, K. W., 2016. The ‘minute rhythm’ incidence in the ovine abomasal antrum and small intestine. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 200–208. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.942
To characterise further the ‘minute rhythm’, six healthy rams were equipped with serosal electrodes sewn onto the abomasal antrum and the small bowel. The experiments were performed before and after feeding. Food was offered during phase 2a or 2b of the migrating motility complex. The ‘minute rhythm’ incidence and coordination were assessed during four 5-minute observation periods. In the duodenal bulb and duodenum, the pattern was observed more frequently than in other segments examined. During phase 2b, the ‘minute rhythm’ incidence was often more frequent than during phase 2a of the migrating motility complex. Feeding increased significantly the ‘minute rhythm’ incidence, but these alterations were more evident during first two observation periods. In the jejunum, duration of one ‘minute rhythm’ episode was longer than in more proximal segments. In the more distal jejunal recording site the ‘minute rhythm’ was often absent. The pattern was well coordinated mostly in the antroduodenum and its propagation velocity was the highest also in the upper small bowel. It is concluded that the ‘minute rhythm’ incidence, form, and coordination depended upon the feeding conditions, intensity of intestinal motility and the gastrointestinal segment.
Key
words:
abomasal antrum, feeding, migrating motility complex, minute rhythm, sheep,
small intestine
Karadaev, M., I. Fasulkov, N. Vassilev, Y. Petrova, А. Tumbev & Y. Petelov, 2016. Ultrasound monitoring of the first trimester of pregnancy in local goats through visualisation and measurements of some biometric parameters. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 209–217. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.909
The purpose of the present study was monitoring of the first trimester of pregnancy in local goats through ultrasound visualisation and measurements of some biometric parameters. Eighteen local Bulgarian goats, 2 to 4 years of age, weighing 48–56 kg, reared in the Biobase of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Stara Zagora were included in the experiments. All animals underwent ultrasound checks on gestation days 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49. Ultrasound measurements included the following biometric parameters: uterine lumen diameter, crown-rump length, trunk diameter, biparietal diameter, inner and outer diameter of placentomes, long and short heart axis, foetal heart rate, foetal orbit diameter. The analysis of results indicated that ultrasound check during the first trimester of pregnancy of local goats could start at 21st day of pregnancy when two biometric parameters were visualised – uterine lumen diameter (10.3±2.7 mm), filled with anechoic amniotic fluid and foetal crown-rump length (5.2±0.9 mm), which was hyperechoic. From the 28th day of gestation, ultrasound measurement of trunk diameter was possible. The inner and outer placentome diameters, biparietal diameter and foetal heart rate could be used for monitoring of pregnancy by the end of the first trimester (days 42 and 49).
Key
words:
goats, monitoring, pregnancy, ultrasound biometry
Yotov, S., A. Atanasov, M. Karadaev, L. Dimova & D. Velislavova, 2016. pregnancy rate in dry and lactating goats after estrus synchronisation with artificial insemination and natural breeding (a field study). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 218–223. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.930.
The objective of this study was to determine the pregnancy rate in dry and lactating goats after estrus synchronisation with artificial insemination and natural breeding of unconceived animals. The investigation was conducted with 75 dry (group I) and 32 lactating (group II) local goats in breeding season. All animals were submitted to estrus synchronisation by intravaginal sponges for 12 days, PMSG injection on day of sponge removal and two artificial inseminations (AI) with fresh semen – 48 and 56 hours after sponge withdrawal. Two weeks after the AI, daily test for goats which had not conceived after the AI was performed by teaser and the detected animals in estrus were naturally mated with a fertile buck. Ultrasonographic pregnancy examination was carried out at 20-day intervals until day 100 after the AI. The pregnancy rate in artificially inseminated and naturally bred animals and the interestrus intervals were calculated. The pregnancy rate between both synchronised groups differed significantly (P<0.05), while the values in the groups with natural breeding were comparable. Different pregnancy rates between artificially inseminated and naturally bred goats in group I (72% vs. 42.9%) and group II (19% vs. 73%) were registered (P<0.05). Additionally, considerable differences (P<0.05) between the values after first natural breeding (9.6% and 46.6%) were detected. The total pregnancy rate (84%) in dry goats was higher (P<0.05) than that (54%) in lactating animals. The interestrus intervals were similar (P=0.2). In conclusion, the current data could be used for optimisation of the pregnancy rate and the reproductive efficiency in local goat breeds.
Key
words:
estrus synchronisation, goats, pregnancy rate
Aliabadi A. & V. Valadaan, 2016. Comparison between the effect of silymarin and silver sulfadiazine on burned wound healing in rats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 224–232. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.890.
A burn is an injury caused by transfer of thermal energy into tissue resulting in disruption of its normal anatomical structure. An experiment was carried out to compare the effect of silymarin and silver sulfadiazine on burned wound healing in rat. In this study, 36 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. A burn was generated on the backs of all rats by brass probe. The burned areas in the first group (control) did not receive any medication, the second group received oral silymarin. Wound areas in third, fourth and fifth group were covered daily with 5%, 10% and 20% silymarin ointment. Silver sulfadiazine was applied as daily topical treatment of burned wound in the sixth group. At post injury days 0, 5, 7, 14 and 21, rats from each group were selected, sacrificed and burned skin tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. Ulceration, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, crust formation and granulation tissue formation were assessed. The result of this study showed that the use of 10% silymarin significantly enhanced the burn wound healing process as compared to silver sulfadiazine and other silymarin concentrations.
Key
words:
burn, rat, silver sulfadiazine, silymarin
Daradka, M. H., M. A. Malkawi, Z. B. Ismail & M. A. Alshehabat, 2016. autologous venous grafting promotes healing and reduces adhesion formation in experimentally severed canine superficial digital flexor tendons. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 233–241. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.980
The objectives of this study were to evaluate healing of experimentally severed superficial digital flexor tendons of the canine hind limb repaired by apposition using a Kessler pattern with no augmentation, or augmentation with an everted autologous venous graft or non-everted autologous venous graft. A total of 30 healthy, orthopaedically and neurologically sound mongrel dogs were used in this study. Dogs were randomly allocated into one of the three groups: control group (GC): the severed tendon was repaired with Kessler technique only and no grafting, GNEv: the severed tendon was repaired using Kessler technique and “non-everted venous graft” and GEv: the severed tendon was repaired with Kessler technique and “an everted venous graft”. Post-operatively, at day 42, the site of surgery was evaluated grossly and histologically. In the control group, 30% of dogs showed no healing of the severed tendon. Both types of venous grafts (“everted” and “non-everted”) resulted in improved fibroblastic proliferation at the site of injury. The amount of adhesion appeared significantly less in grafted sites compared to non-grafted tendons. When compared between the 2 types of venous grafts, the adhesion formation appeared to be less pronounced in GEv group than that in GNEv group. Autologous venous grafts appear to significantly improve fibroblastic proliferation and reduce adhesion tissue formation particularly when utilising “everted autologous venous graft”. These results might suggest a beneficial effect when utilising venous grafts along with the traditional treatment procedure of severed digital flexor tendons in dogs.
Key
words:
tendon
injury, dogs, venous graft, healing, adhesion formation
Hajipour, N., M. Tavassoli, H. Tayefi-Nasrabadi & Sh. Seyedi, 2016. Comparative evaluation of somatic proteins of the nymphal stage of linguatula serrata isolated from goats and cattle in Northwest Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,19, No 3, 242–246. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.931
Because the nymphal stages of L. serrata isolated from different animals have different strains, it was assumed that their somatic proteins would be different. The present study was conducted to evaluate and characterise the somatic proteins of L. serrata nymphs, isolated from goats and cattle mesenteric lymph nodes. Nymphs were collected from the infected mesenteric lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and goats. Somatic proteins were prepared by homogenising nymphs and then were electrophoresed using SDS-PAGE. Following SDS-PAGE, somatic proteins of the nymphal stage of L. serrata in our samples were characterised by the presence of 6 protein bands with molecular weights of 14.4, 32, 36, 48, 75 and 100 kDa in goats and 7 protein bands with molecular weights of 14.4, 32, 36, 48, 75, 100 and 120 kDa in cattle. The evaluation of somatic proteins showed slight differences in the mesenteric lymph nodes of goats and cattle. The findings of this study can be used both for further evaluation of their antigenicity for diagnostic purposes and for development of protective vaccines.
Key words: cattle, goat, Linguatula serrata, SDS-PAGE, somatic proteins
Heidarieh, M., A. A. Shahbazfar, S. Moodi, H. Unger & R. Mohammadi Mavalo, 2016. Histopathological evaluation of in vitro Ichthyophthirius multifiliis culture in Red koi (Aka Matsuba) tissue. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,19, No 3, 247–251. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.937.
In order to develop any effective means of prevention or therapy against Ichthyophthirius multifilis infection, in this project, the in vitro culture of Ichthyophthirius multifilis trophont containing tissue cysts has been developed. This enables researchers to produce antigens and vaccine and to supply pure organisms without any contamination. Healthy Red koi (Aka Matsuba) tail fin and skin were inoculated into tissue culture media, Leibovitz L-15. The trophonts were exposed to tissue culture within 1 hr after removal from the heavily infected Red koi mucus. Twenty-four hours after introduction of trophonts into tissue (skin) culture, most trophonts observed were adjacent to the basement membrane of the epithelial layer of skin. Additionally, higher numbers of mucous cells in the tail fin epithelium were noted 12 h after trophont introduction into culture. The histological sections of the skin of Red koi (Aka Matsuba) revealed large trophonts of the I. multifiliis after 10 days that were prominently lodged in the epidermal layers. In this research, the ability to culture I. multifiliis opens new opportunities to develop vaccines, test drugs, and clone parasites for genome sequencing.
Key
words:
fish, histopathological evaluation, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis,
tissue culture
Ajadi, T. A., O. L. Ajayi, A. A. Adeniyi & R. A. Ajadi, 2016. Vaginal wall hyperplasia with fold prolapse in an eight-month-old cane corso dog. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 3, 252–258. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.917
An eight-month-old, female Cane Corso bitch was presented for treatment following complaint of protrusion of oedematous tissue through the vulva lips one week after the commencement of the oestrous cycle. Clinical examination revealed a pear-shaped fibrous vaginal mass measuring about 5 cm in diameter. Ultrasonography identified a single follicular cyst in the left ovary and vaginal smear cytology revealed 100% keratinised cells. The treatment involved repositioning of the vaginal prolapse with lacing of the vulva lips, hormonal therapy and surgical amputation of the protruding tissue. The dog had completely recovered after the treatment with no recurrence of prolapse. It had a physiological oestrus during the next cycle, was mated naturally and conceived a normal viable litter.
Key
words:
bitch, vaginal hyperplasia, vaginal prolapse