ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 19, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2016
CONTENTS
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 19, Number 2, June 2016, Summaries
Korenkov, O. V., 2016. Computed tomography densitometry of femoral defect healing after implantation of calcium phosphate bioceramics in rats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 87–95. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.925
The aim of this study was to investigate the healing process of diaphyseal femoral bone defects of rats after implantation of osteoplastic material “easy-graftТМ CRYSTAL” in their cavity The dynamics of reparative osteogenesis was evaluated by computed tomography and optical bone density was expressed in Hounsfield units. Starting from the 30th day of the experiment, emergence and radiological signs of subsequent bone tissue growth, and the gradual disappearance of the defect with simultaneous increase of absolute and relative density of regenerate were found. At 15–30th day, we found a clear visualisation of the defect due to the prevalence of maternal bone optical density (1766.5±38 HU and 1761.1±41 HU) over the optical density of the implantation site (1059.5±44 HU and 1354.9±46 HU). On the 60th day the defect disappeared through as the absolute osteoplastic material density of the implantation site (1668.1±53 HU) approached that of the maternal bone (1788.8±29 HU). On the 120th day of the experiment, the regenerate optical density (1883.5±28 HU) exceeded the absolute optical density of the maternal bone (1792.2±56 HU) with simultaneous absence of full recovery of the original shape of bone and rarefaction of the maternal bone throughout the term of the experiment.
Key words: bone, computed tomography, Hounsfield units, osteoplastic material easy-graftТМ CRYSTAL, reparative osteogenesis
Balikçi dorotea, S., t. Banzato, l. Bellini, b. Contiero & a. Zotti, 2016. Radiographic anatomy of dwarf rabbit abdomen with normal measurements. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 96–107. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.911
Nineteen sedated healthy pet dwarf rabbits were used to describe the radiographic abdominal anatomy along with some useful parameters of abdominal viscera. Moreover, kidney-to-fifth lumbar vertebral (L5) length ratio was calculated and compared to kidney-to-second lumbar vertebral (L2) length ratio in view of anatomical or pathological changes that could affect L2 in rabbits. The lateral and ventrodorsal views were divided into segments using landmarks. The location of kidneys, urinary bladder, liver, stomach, caecum and colon was described in relation to these segments. Kidney length/width, the length of the L2 and L5, liver length, colon diameter and ventral displacement of kidneys or colon from vertebral column were determined. Results showed a significant difference between kidney/L2 and kidney/L5 ratios for length and width (p<0.001 for all). Body weight was highly correlated with kidney length, liver length, L2 and L5 body length (P=0.009, P=0.015, p<0.001 and p< 0.001, respectively). L2 and L5 were relatively similar in length and there were no significant differences between them (p>0.05).
Key words: abdomen, measurement, rabbit, radiography
Abouhosseini Tabari, M., Kh. Ghazvinian, M. Irani & R. Molaei, 2016. Effects of dietary supplementation of nettle root extract and pumpkin seed oil on production traits and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 108–116. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.879
Herbal substances can be used as natural growth performance enhancers in poultry nutrition instead of antibiotics. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nettle root and pumpkin seed on production traits and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. A total of 120 day-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly allocated into 4 groups: 1) CON, receiving basal diet, 2) PSO, basal diet+0.5 g/kg pumpkin oil, 3) NRE, basal diet+0.5 g/kg nettle extract and 4) NEPO, basal diet+0.5 g/kg nettle extract+0.5 g/kg pumpkin oil. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly and feed conversion ratio was calculated. On day 42, eight birds per treatment group were randomly selected for ileal bacterial counts and 12 birds for determination of carcass and organ weights. NEPO birds had the highest body weight and CON had the lowest at 21 and 42 days of age. significant increase was noticed in feed intake in NRE and NEPO birds between 22–42 days of age. Nettle root and pumpkin oil addition improved overall feed conversion ratio. Effects of dietary treatments on carcass weight, portion yield and the relative weights of the heart, spleen, liver and gizzard were insignificant except for thigh, drumstick and bursa. The lowest Escherichia coli and the highest Lactobacillus counts were observed in NEPO and NRE birds (P=0.0001). The results of present study suggest that supplementation with nettle root and pumpkin oil, particularly their combination has a positive impact on broiler chickens.
Key words: broilers, carcass yield, ileal bacterial count, growth performance, nettle root extract, pumpkin seed oil
Chipilev, N., H. Daskalov & T. Stoyanchev, 2016. Study on the prevalence of lipolytic yeasts and moulds in raw cow milk and white brined cheese. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 117–126. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.866
The extent of microbial contamination with moulds and yeasts of raw cow milk and white brined cheese produced in Bulgarian dairy enterprises was evaluated. The isolation and identification of microorganisms was performed using the classical microbiological methods. The samples of raw milk showed 76.6% contamination with moulds, at average amount of 3.4 log10 cfu/mL, maximum of 4.8 log10 cfu/mL. Yeasts were detected in 93.3% of the samples (average 3.5 log10 cfu/mL). Isolated moulds belonged to the genera Aspergillus (37.9%), Geotrichum (29.3%), Mucor (15.5%), Cladosporium (5.2%) and Penicillium (12.1%). Overall, 70% of studied samples were found to be contaminated with yeasts and moulds at 2.2 log10 cfu/g and 2.8 log10 cfu/g, respectively. Most commonly, isolates from white brined cheese were from the genera Geotrichum (32.8%), Aspergillus (28.1%), Mucor (21.8%) and Penicillium (9.4%). The predominating yeasts in raw cow milk and white brined cheese were Candida spp., Rhodotorula spp. and Sacharomyces spp. Isolates were tested for lipolytic activity on tributyrin agar. The occurrence of lipolytic and toxigenic moulds and yeasts poses a risk for the quality and safety of milk and dairy products.
Key words: milk, moulds, white brined cheese, yeasts
Yabanli, M., S. Tay & D. Giannetto, 2016. human health risk assessment from arsenic exposure after sea bream (Sparus aurata) consumption in Aegean region, Turkey. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 127–136. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.905
The aim of the present study was to determine the amount of arsenic in the muscular tissues of wild sea breams, sea breams cultured in soil ponds and sea breams cultured in off-shore marine cage systems in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Then an estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) based risk assessment by sea bream consumption in terms of arsenic was performed for both children and adults. The arsenic concentrations in the muscular tissues of fish were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method after digestion by microwave wet burning. According to the results obtained, the highest average arsenic concentration was found in sea bream cultured in soil pond while the lowest was determined in off shore marine cultured sea bream. The arsenic concentrations determined in all fish groups were found out to be below 1 mg.kg–1 wet weight which is the international legal limit. Also the EDI values determined for children and adults were lower than 0.30 µg/kg/day, the oral reference doses (Rfdo) value for arsenic and THQ value was found out to be lower than the value assessed as potentially carcinogenic. Summarising, the results of this study do not underline any potential risk in term of arsenic deriving from consumption of sea bream cultured and caught in Aegean Sea.
Key words: arsenic, public health, risk assessment, Sparus aurata
Pasierbek, M., M. Legierska, M. Bulinski & K. Slusarczyk, 2016. Transdiaphragmatic lymphatic transport of intraperitoneally administered markers in rats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 137–144. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.901
Experimental studies were undertaken, aiming at evaluation of lymphatic drainage from the peritoneal cavity to lymph nodes of the cranial mediastinum in rats. The study made use of 11 adult male Wistar rats. For examination of lymphatic structures drawing ink and FITC-dextran, administered intraperitoneally, were used. Due to lack of unambiguous terminology quoted in the literature with regard to the lymph nodes of the rats’ cranial mediastinum, the authors’ own nomenclature was suggested to introduce the notions of the medial mediastinal lymph node and the lateral mediastinal lymph node. After intraperitoneal markers’ injection in each case bilateral lymphatic vessel was observed, emptying to the mediastinal nodes of the proper side. The inflow of the markers was observed in both medial mediastinal nodes or in both lateral mediastinal nodes or in all lymph nodes of the cranial mediastinum. We can conclude that the lymph outflow from the peritoneal cavity to the lymph nodes of the cranial mediastinum is always bilateral.
Key words: lymphatic drainage, mediastinal lymph nodes, peritoneal cavity, rats
Szostak, B., ł. Przykaza & v. Katsarov, 2016. The effect of growth rate and lean meat content in Pietrain×Duroc and Duroc×Pietrain hybrid boars on their semen characteristics. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 145–152. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.912
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of growth rate and lean meat content in Pietrain×Duroc and Duroc×Pietrain hybrid boars on their semen characteristics. On the basis of the results of performance testing carried out on the 180th day of life, the boars were divided into four groups according to their daily weight gain (I: 750–800 g; II: 801–850 g; III: 851–900 g; and IV: >900 g), and additionally into three groups according to lean meat content (I: 60–61%; II: 62–63%; and III: >63%). Ejaculates were evaluated for the following characteristics: volume, sperm concentration, percentage of sperm with progressive movement, number of sperm with progressive movement per ejaculate and per insemination dose, primary morphological defects and number of insemination doses obtained per ejaculate. Neither high daily weight gain in the hybrid boars during the rearing period nor their high lean meat content had a negative effect on their semen characteristics.
Key words: boars, ejaculates, growth rate, lean meat
Panayotova-Pencheva, M. S., R. L. Mirchev & A. P. Trifonova, 2016. Dirofilaria immitis infection in carnivores from Bulgaria: 2012–2013 update. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 153–162. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.918
Helminthological necropsies of 489 carnivores (325 golden jackals, 115 red foxes, 4 martens, 3 wolves, 27 domestic dogs and 15 cats) from Bulgaria were carried out in 2012–2013 aiming to establish infection with Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae). The infection was found in the golden jackals, red foxes and domestic dogs. Adult worms were located in the heart (55.24%) or both in the heart and pulmonary arteries of the hosts (27.97%). Often in the place of localisation of the helminths macroscopic lesions as obturation of pulmonary arteries, thickness and granulation of the inner surface of pulmonary arteries, damaged atrioventricular valves were observed. The prevalence of infection was 37.54%, 25.22% and 33.33% in the golden jackals, red foxes and domestic dogs respectively. The infection intensity in the jackals varied between 1 and 19 specimens per animal (mean 4.1), in the foxes it was between 1 and 15 specimens (mean 4.79) and in the dogs – between 1 and 34 specimens (mean 14.43). Comparison of our data with those from literature showed a trend towards increased spread of infection in Bulgaria and South Europe in recent years. Morphometric description of D. immitis in materials from golden jackals, red foxes and domestic dogs was performed too. This is the first report in materials from golden jackals and red foxes.
Key words: Bulgaria, Dirofilaria immitis, domestic dogs, golden jackals, morphometric description, prevalence, red foxes
Khodakaram-Tafti, A., K. Asasi & F. Namazi, 2016. Clinicopathological characteristics of acute inclusion body hepatitis outbreak in broiler chickens in iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 163–168. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.926
An outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis was noticed in 20% of the population of a flock of 20000 broiler chickens. The affected 14-day-old birds experienced 10% mortality during a period of one week. On 39 and 44 days of age, clinical infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease with 5% and 15% mortalities occurred in the flock, respectively. Clinical signs of affected birds included depression, leg weakness and mild watery droppings. Grossly, only the affected liver was a friable and enlarged organ associated with petechial haemorrhages and multifocal gray-white to yellowish necrotic areas. Histopathologically, multifocal to coalescing necrosis of hepatocytes, remarkable large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were diagnosed. In the present study, it seemed that the causative agent had produced acute disease without predisposing factors and it could be suggested that resulting immunosuppression was the trigger mechanism for subsequent infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks.
Key words: broiler chicken, clinical sign, inclusion body hepatitis, outbreak, pathological lesions
Pourtaghi, H., A. Ghasem Azizi & H. R. Sodagari, 2016. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Alborz province, Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 2, 169–174. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.902
The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. California Mastitis Test was used for 2,160 quarters of 540 dairy cattle in 8 commercial dairy farms of Alborz province, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results indicated that Staphylococcus genus was isolated from 84 out of 420 milk samples collected from suspected quarters. Out of 84 positive samples, 50 (59.5%) of them were reported as coagulase-positive S. aureus; 45 strains were further identified as Staphylococcus aureus by PCR amplification of the specific 23S rDNA gene. All S. aureus isolates showed resistance against penicillin and ceftiofur but no resistance to gentamicin, enrofloxacin and lincomycin. In addition, 38 (84.4%) of S. aureus isolates were resistant to at least 3 antimicrobial agents. According to the results ceftiofur, penicillin, ampicillin was the predominant pattern (22.2%) among seven different antimicrobial resistance patterns. Therefore, carrying out antimicrobial susceptibility tests before drug prescription seems necessary.
Key words: bovine, resistance pattern, Staphylococcus aureus,subclinical mastitis