Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine


ISSN 1311-1477 (print);  ISSN 131-3543 (online)

VOLUME 19, NUMBER 1, MARCH 2016

 

 CONTENTS

  

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N. GOODARZI, H. MOADDAB & F. DAVOODABADI FARAHAN

MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIRST PREMOLAR (WOLF TOOTH) IN HORSES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

 

      Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, pp. 1-7                    

  

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V. GERZILOV, А. BOCHUKOV, G. PENCHEV & P. PETROV


TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE MUSCOVY DUCK (CAIRINA MOSCHATA)

 

       Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, pp. 8-18                   

  

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V. TRUKHACHEV, V. BELYAEV, A. KVOCHKO, A. KULICHENKO, D. KOVALEV, S. PISARENKO, A. VOLYNKINA, M. SELIONOVA, M. AYBAZOV, S. SHUMAENKO, A. OMAROV, T. MAMONTOVA, N. GOLOVANOVA, O. YATSYK & A. KRIVORUCHKO


GENES EXPRESSION PROFILES IN THE LOIN MUSCLE OF MANYCH MERINO SHEEP WITH DIFFERENT LIVE WEIGHT
 

     Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, pp. 19-29                  

 

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O. O. AJALA & A. O. OWOYEMI


EFFECT OF DIETARY VERNONIA AMYGDALINA DEL. SUPPLEMENTATION ON SOME BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MILT OF MALE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)


Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, pp. 30-39             

  

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Y. RAHMANI, M. ABBASZADEH HASIRI & A. MOHAMMADI


MOLECULAR DETECTION OF CANINE PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS CIRCULATION AMONG HOME-OWNED DOGS IN SHIRAZ, IRAN


Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
19, No 1, pp. 40-46                   

  

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A. MILANOVA, R. R. SANTOS, L. LASHEV, V. KOINARSKI & J. FINK-GREMMELS


INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED EIMERIA TENELLA INFECTION ON GENE EXPRESSION OF SOME HOST RESPONSE FACTORS IN CHICKENS


Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
19, No 1, pp. 47-56                   



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V. RADEV, N. LALKOVSKI, P. ZHELYAZKOV, T. KOSTOVA, P. SABEV, N. NEDELCHEV & R. VASSILEV


PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES AND DIROFILARIA SPP. IN STRAY DOGS FROM SOME REGIONS IN BULGARIA


Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
19, No 1, pp. 57-62                   

 

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P. GHASEMI-DEHKORDI, A. DOOSTI, E. DOOSTI, E. NOSHADI & A. ARSHI


ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATES FROM COCKROACHES IN SOUTHWESTERN IRAN


Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
19, No 1, pp. 63-71

  

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М. АNDONOVA, V. URUMOVA, D. DIMITROVA, E. SLAVOV, P. DZHELEBOV, TS. CHAPRAZOV & Т. GEORGIEVA


ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE AND THE EFFECT OF PHYTOPREPARATION FEVERFEW (TANACETUM PARTHENIUM) IN DOGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA SKIN INFECTION
 


Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
19, No 1, pp. 72-77                  

  

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S. SENTURK, S. CATIK, E. M. TEMIZEL & O. OZYIGIT


OUTBREAK OF BOVINE PAPULAR STOMATITIS WITH CONCURRENT CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN A DAIRY HERD IN TURKEY


Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
19, No 1, pp. 78-83

 

Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

 

Volume 19, Number 1, March 2016, Summaries

 

Goodarzi, N., H. Moaddab & F. Davoodabadi Farahani, 2016. Morphometric characteristics of the first premolar (wolf tooth) in horses, with special reference to its clinical importance. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 1–7. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.893

Wolf tooth is a common term used to describe the first premolar, a functionless remnant from modern horse’s ancestors. This study was performed to reveal possible relationships between morphometric characteristics of wolf tooth and its clinical importance in animal’s health. A total of 158 wolf teeth were extracted from 83 horses  from 1.5 to 15 years of age during a period of one year and divided into two groups based on the age of the animals: Group 1, up to 3 years old and group 2, over 3 years old. Crown length, root length, neck width and crown/root ratio of the teeth were measured using a Vernier caliper. Crown length, root length and neck width decreased significantly in group 2, while the crown/root ratio was considerably increased. Crown length exhibited a significant correlation (p˂0.05) with root length in group 1, while this correlation was stronger (P˂0.01) in group 2. Crown length was significantly correlated with neck width (p˂0.01) in both groups, but there was no significant correlation between root length and neck width in both groups. Also, crown length and root length were negatively and significantly related (p˂0.01) with age in both studied groups and became shorter. The results revealed that the crown of the wolf tooth could be a more reliable indicator for estimatation of the root length in horses over 3 years of age than in those under 3 years and that in younger horses this criterion had a lower potential to predict the root length.

Key words: first premolar, horse, morphometry, wolf tooth 

 

Gerzilov, V.,  А. Bochukov, G. Penchev & P. Petrov, 2016. Testicular development in the muscovy duck (cairina moschata). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 8–18. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.897

Morphometrical and histological examination of Muscovy drakes’ testes was performed at 13 diffe­rent ages: at 1 and 15 days of age, at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. The testes of three birds were examined at each age period. The testicular morphometry at the respective age included the following parameters – weight, length and width, diameter of seminiferous tubules (ST), ratio between ST volume and interstitial connective tissue volume. Immediately after hatching, there were two cell types in seminiferous tubular wall – Sertoli cells (Еpitheliocytus sustentans) and spermatogonia. At 2 months of age, spermatogonia formed one row in ST with lumen and the spermatogenesis has started. At 5 months of age, all generations of germ cells were present in ST. After that age, the histological picture is the typical one for the testis of a sexually mature bird. Morphometric findings were as followed: after the 2nd month of age, the increase in testes weight and ST diameter became more pronounced at each subsequent age period. During the breeding period (at 8–12 months of age and at 2 years of age), the weight and size of testes were the greatest. From hatch to 1 month of age, the interstitial tissue (IT) prevailed over ST, whereas at age periods that followed, the opposite relationship was observed. During the non-breeding period (18 months of age) the testicular parenchyma regressed resulting in lower testes weight, lower ST diameter and volume and presence of spermatogonia only in ST lumen. The weight and size of testes was identical to that of birds at 4 months of age.

Key words: age, histlology, morphometry, Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), testes

 

Trukhachev, V., V. Belyaev, A. Kvochko, A. Kulichenko, D. Kovalev, S. Pisarenko, A. Volynkina, M. Selionova, M. Aybazov, S. Shumaenko, A. Omarov, T. Mamontova, N. Golovanova, O. Yatsyk & A. Krivoruchko, 2016. Genes expression profiles in the loin muscle of Manych Merino sheep with different live weight. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 19–29. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.927

Genomic breeding methods of sheep require the identification of new genes that affect the quality of meat. Using technology of reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) we investigated the expression of 48 genes in the loin muscle. Samples were collected from 19 rams (10 with high and 9 with low live weight) of Manych Merino sheep breed, bred in Russia. The genes GAPDH, PYGM, CAPN3, CAST, ATP5G1, CALM2, SOD1, ASIP and VEGFA showed the highest expression. The group of genes with a medium level of expression included ATOX1, CAPN1, GHR, IGF2, SS18L2, YWHAZ, MYOD1, FOS, CAPN2, GGTA2P, SLC2A3, C-MET, ACVR2A, DGAT1, TLR6, IGF1, ABCG2, FST, BEGAIN. Low levels of expression had genes PYGL, OXTR, BAMBI, PPARG2, SPP2, MSTN, CDKN1A, TGFB1, CYP2J, CXCR4, FGF5, LEPR, IGFBP4, GH, SERT, TSHR. Practical absence of expression was detected for the genes BMP15, FGF7, GDF9 and SST. A significant relationship between the expression level with the live weight of investigated animals was found for FGF5 and GH genes. As a result of the research we suggest investigated genes as new candidate genes, and the study of their structure will permit to use them as genetic markers in developing new breeds of sheep.

Key words: expression, gene, meat, musculus longissimus, PCR, sheep

 

Ajala O. O. & a. O. Owoyemi, 2016. Effect of dietary vernonia amygdalina del. supplementation on some biological parameters of milt of male African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 30–39. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.876

The effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaves on the reproductive potential of male Clarias gariepinus was investigated using 56 fish (425±75.7 g). Four diets with crude protein level of 45% were formulated with different inclusion levels of V. amygdalina leaves. The leaves were added to the basal diet at 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15% inclusion levels. The 56 male C. gariepinus were randomly distributed in duplicate into 4 concrete ponds and 4 plastic tanks at a stocking density of 7 fish per concrete pond and plastic tank. The fish were fed at 3% body weight twice daily for 45 days. The milt was then analysed for some biological parameters. Motility and liveability percentage values (88.33±14.720% and 91.83±6.824% respectively) were the lowest in the control (0%) group but the difference was not significant (p>0.05) across the groups. Morphology studies showed that total sperm abnormalities were the lowest in the 10% group (45.67±2.73) and total normal sperm cell number was the highest in the 10% group (393.83±14.15). Total sperm counted in morphology study was the highest in controls (442.50±22.12). The differences in these values were not significant across the groups (p>0.05). The results of the study show that studied inclusion levels of V. amyg­dalina did not have significant effects on sperm motility, liveability and morphology; hence it can be concluded that Bitter leaf may be included at the studied levels with no untoward effect in the diet of male C. gariepinus.

Key words: Clarias gariepinus, milt, motility, percentage liveability, morphology, Vernonia amygdalina Del.

 

Rahmani, Y.,  M. Abbaszadeh Hasiri & A. Mohammadi, 2016. Molecular detection of canine parainfluenza virus circulation among home-owned dogs in Shiraz, Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 40–46. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.913

One of the major agents of infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs is canine parainfluinza virus (CPiV) which is known to cause acute-onset and highly transmissible cough. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of CPI infection in dogs referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Shiraz University in 20132014. Nasal and tracheal swabs were taken from 30 apparently healthy dogs without respiratory signs and 50 sick dogs with clinical respiratory signs. Full set of characteristics including age, sex, breed, contact with other dogs, place of keeping, respiratory and general symptoms were recorded. The molecular detection of canine parainfluenza virus by semi nested reverse transcriptase PCR were performed and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the last products. The results showed that the occurrence of CPiV infection in healthy dogs was 13.33% whereas it was 20% in dogs with respiratory signs. The sequencing and nucleotide blast showed no variation among determined sequences. The occurrence was higher in non-vaccinated and outdoor dogs.  This study is the first attempt to detect CPiV infection in Fars province, Iran and the data obtained may be useful for outbreak preventions and to raise awareness of potential transmission of the disease to the small animals in the area.

Key words: canine parainfluinza virus, dog, infectious tracheobronchitis, Iran

 

Milanova, A., R. R. Santos, L. Lashev, V. Koinarski & J. Fink-Gremmels, 2016. Influence of experimentally induced Eimeria tenella infection on gene expression of some host response factors in chickens. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 47–56. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.896

Coccidiosis in poultry is associated with significant damage of intestinal integrity and involvement of innate immunity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate genes, encoding the innate immune response in broiler chickens, such as LEAP, IFN-g, iNOS and IL-8 together with PepT1 and ABCG2 transporters after E. tenella challenge. E. tenella infection provoked up-regulation of iNOS mRNA in the duodenum and of IFN-g  and iNOS mRNAs in the caecum and the liver. IL-8 mRNA expression in the liver was increased and LEAP mRNA was decreased. On the sixth day after the challenge with E. tenella, ABCG2 mRNA was increased in the duodenum and the liver while PepT1 mRNA was up-regulated in the duodenum. The expression of these genes in the caecum was not changed. In conclusion, several factors of the host immune response can be affected by E. tenella infection not only in the target caecal tissue but also in the liver and to a lesser degree in the duodenum. The caecal coccidiosis can provoke significant changes in the integrity of the intestines by affecting of ABCG2 and PepT1 mRNA levels.

Key words: chicken, Eimeria tenella, host response, mRNA expression levels

 

Radev, V., N. Lalkovski, P. Zhelyazkov, T. Kostova, P. Sabev, N. Nedelchev & R. Vassileva, 2016. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and Dirofilaria spp. in stray dogs from some regions in bulgaria. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 57–62. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.872

During the summer seasons of two consequent years (2013–2014), 80 faecal samples from dogs in stray shelters of two Bulgarian districts (Sofia, n=40 and Pleven, n=40) were examined for infection with gastrointestinal parasites. The flotation-centrifugation method using ZnCl2 solution was used for parasitological examination of the samples. Thirty-three blood samples from dogs in one stray shelter (Sofia district) were tested for infection with Dirofilaria sp. by the Knott’s method and the positive samples were further tested by the Combo SNAP test for Dirofilaria immitis. The obtained eggs or larvae were morphologically examined through light microscopy. The study revealed that the examined dogs from stray shelters in these districts of Bulgaria were infected with parasites belonging to eight genera – Ancylostoma, Toxocara, Toxascaris, Trichuris, Uncinaria, Dipylidium, Dirofilaria and Isospora. Among the positive dogs, Ancylostoma was the most common parasite in the Sofia district being recovered from 52.5% of the examined dogs, while Trichuris vulpis was more common in the Pleven district – 20%. Dirofilaria-positive samples were 33% of all examined blood samples. Out of them, 15% were positive for infection with D. immitis and 18% – with D. repens. This study showed that the nematode infection rate in stray dogs was high and suggested the existence of a real risk for infection in humans and pets.

Key words: Dirofilaria, gastrointestinal parasites, stray dogs

 

Ghasemi-Dehkordi, P., A. Doosti, E. Doosti, E. Noshadi & A. Arshi, 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of escherichia coli isolates from cockroaches in southwestern iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 63–71. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.860

In recent years antibiotic-resistant bacteria including those producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases increase, which could affect their pathogencity and lead to many disease in both humans and animals. Enterobacteriaceae commonly express plasmid-encoded β-lactamases family like TEM-1 gene, which encodes resistance to penicillin in Escherichia coli. Insects, especially cockroaches, are important vectors to spread these bacteria in human living environmment. The present study was performed to evaluate the frequency of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing gene TEM-1 and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli strains isolated from cockroaches in Iran using antibiogram and molecular techniques. In this study, 110 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were collected from residential environments in Chahrmahal Va Bakhtiari province (Southwest Iran) and after bacterial culture on specific media the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated
Escherichia coli strains from cockroaches were evaluated by disk diffusion test and molecular assay. The amplification of TEM-1 gene by PCR
revealed a 296 bp fragment on gel electrophoresis. The results of the present research showed that Escherichia coli infection was detected in 84 samples (76.36%) and 11 samples had the TEM-1 gene (10%). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern using the disk diffusion test indicated that most Escherichia coli isolates from cockroaches were sensitive to imipenem (100%) and amikacin (87.8%), while resistance to aztreonam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone was 88.1%, 80.5%, and 78.2%, respectively. These findings showed that cockroaches are important agents for transmission of Enterobacteriaceae and that extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing genes like TEM-1 by Escherichia coli could increase the gastrointestinal infections and antibiotic resistance. So, antibacterial drugs such as aztreonam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone must be used with caution, while imipenem and amikacin antibiotics are helpful to reduce Escherichia coli infection caused by cockroaches.

Key words: cockroach, disk diffusion, Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, molecular technique, TEM-1 gene

 

Аndonova, M., V. Urumova, D. Dimitrova, E. Slavov, P. Dzhelebov, Ts. Chaprazov & Т. Georgieva, 2016. Acute-phase response and the effect of phytopreparation Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) in dogs with experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infection. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 72–77. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.873

Acute-phase response is most critical for the attenuation of the strong inflammatory response induced by bacterial opportunist Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute-phase response in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infection, by measuring changes in fibrinogen concentration (a positive acute-phase protein, APP) and activity of arylesterase (ARE – a negative APP). We also aimed to evaluate the effect of therapy with phytopreparation Feverfew, containing the active component parthenolide, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Fifteen male mongrel dogs at 2–5 years of age were divided into three groups: group 0 (n=5) with infection induced by subcutaneous injection of bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture 108 CFU/mL; group I (n=5) – infected and treated with Feverfew (standardised extract, active principle parthenolide 0.7% - Nature’s Way, USA), by application of 1 capsule at 12-hour intervals. The per os treatment began on post infection hour 4 and continued for 6 days. Dogs from group C (n=5) were controls. Plasma fibrinogen and serum ARE activity were assayed before infection and on 4th, 24th, 48th and 72nd hour and on 7th, 10th and 14th day after infection. The results suggested that  fibrinogen levels in dogs from group 0 increased on p.i. hour 24 vs baseline, attained a peak on hour 48 (P<0.001), and persisted high on hour 72. Infected dogs treated with Feverfew (group І) exhibited a similar time course of changes in fibrinogen levels, but the numeric values were lower compared to those of group 0 (p<0.05). ARE activity in experimental animals did not change significantly and was similar to control values.

Key words: acute-phase response, arylesterase, Feverfew, fibrinogen, skin Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

 

Senturk, S., S. Catık, E. M. Temizel & O. Ozyigit, 2016. Outbreak of bovine papular stomatitis with concurrent cryptosporidiosis in a dairy herd in Turkey. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 1, 78–83. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.922

Bovine papular stomatitis (BPS) is a viral disease of cattle characterised by proliferative and pustular lesions on muzzle, nostrils and buccal mucosa. BPS has a low mortality rate, however can cause important economical impact to dairy industry. Cryptosporidiosis is a disease calves characterised by yellow, watery and mucus containing diarrhoea. Etiopathogenesis of both diseases are closely related with the immune status of the host. The aim of the presented study was to document the first case of BPS infection with concurrent cryptosporidiosis in calves. Fifteen calves aged between 3–6 weeks from a dairy herd in Turkey showed clinical signs such as diarrhoea and ocular-nasal seromucous discharges. Clinical examination of the calves revealed that they were suffering from stomatitis cha­racterised by proliferative lesions. Lesions were removed surgically for histopathological examination. Calves were treated with spiramycin and an immunomodulator (Zylexis®, Pfizer, Istanbul, Turkey). All calves were cured following the treatment. Histopathological examination revealed findings consistent with poxvirus infections such as ballooning and degeneration of the epithelial cells and cytoplasmic viral inclusions. Results of the presented study indicate that BPS is an infectious disease that must be considered as a secondary disease in Cryptosporidium infections. Zoonotic nature of both diseases makes the problem threatening for public health.

Key words: bovine papular stomatitis, calf, cryptosporidiosis, diarrhoea, treatment, zoonotic nature