ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 18, NUMBER 4, DECEMBER 2015
CONTENTS
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J. BUCZKOWSKA, R. KOZDROWSKI, M. SIKORA, M. DZIĘCIOŁ & A.
MATUSZ Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, pp. 285-293 |
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A. SADRZADEH, H. HASSANPOUR, M. H. MEHRAEI HAMZEKOLAEI,
P. FARHADNIYA, M. R. EHSAN & S. S. TOHIDI FAR Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, pp. 294-303 |
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E. Y.
Salah EL-Din & A. I. Dakrory Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, pp. 304-312 |
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C. O. IGBOKWE & D. N. EZEASOR |
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L. LASHEV, S. ATANASOVA & Т. DINEV |
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A. CHALMEH, K. BADIEI, E. FEREIDOUNPOUR, M. POURJAFAR &
S. NAZIFI |
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E. EIZADI, F. SHARIATMADARI, M. A. KARIMI TORSHIZI & H. R. HEMATI MATIN |
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Z. A. MUCHLISIN, Z. FUADI, A. M. MUNAZIR, N. FADLI, W.
WINARUDDIN, C. NANDA DEFIRA & A. HENDRI |
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A. L. ANTONOV, A. S. ATANASOV, I. R. FASULKOV, P. I.
GEORGIEV, S. A. YOTOV, M. P. KARADAEV & N. Y. VASILEV
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D. TENEVA, Z. DENKOVA, R. DENKOVA, T. ATANASOVA, N. NENOV
& P. MERDZHANOV |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 18, Number 4, December 2015, Summaries
Buczkowska, J., R. Kozdrowski, M. Sikora, M. Dzięcioł & A. Matusz, 2015. Non-traditional treatments for endometritis in mares. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No. 4, 285293. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.870
Routine treatment for persistent mating-induced endometritis is directed at enhancing the clearance of accumulated fluid from the uterus and includes the use of ecbolic agents (oxytocin, prostaglandin F2a) which may be used alone or in combination with large-volume uterine lavage and administering antimicrobials if infection is diagnosed. However, traditional therapies are not always effective in resolving chronic uterine inflammation or infections. Treatment failure may be caused by uterine exudates, inspissated mucus or biofilm produced by some bacteria and yeast. Exudate can interfere with antibiotic penetration, whereas biofilm can confer antibiotic resistance. The endometrium of mares with delayed uterine clearance or chronic endometritis produces more mucus than reproductively healthy mares. Loss of cilia and abnormal mucus blanket provide areas for bacterial attachment. This review describes new strategies of endometritis treatment that may be added to typical therapy and includes intrauterine mucolytics, chelators, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and others.
Key words:
endometritis, mare,
treatment
Sadrzadeh, A., H. Hassanpour, M. H. Mehraei hamzekolaei, p. Farhadniya, M. R. Ehsan & S. S. Tohidi Far, 2015. Effects of post-hatch nutrition of arginine, lysine, methionine and threonine on performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No. 4, 294303. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.861
To investigate the effects of post-hatch nutrition of arginine, lysine, methionine and threonine on performance and intestinal morphology of broilers, 180 day-old Ross-308 were assigned to 6 treatments. Chickens were provided post-hatch (48 h) feeding of each amino-acid in 4 groups. Chickens in other 2 treated groups received no feed and water (fasting group) or just water (watering group). On day 14, performance parameters were determined, and then all chickens from each treatment were killed. After weighing body organs, the length of segments of small intestine were measured and prepared for evaluation of intestinal morphology. The mean body weight and FCR between watering, fasting, methionine and threonine groups did not differ while they all were greater than lysine fed- chickens (P<0.05). In comparison with other groups, the lamina propria thickness of duodenum and ileum were greater in methionine and threonine groups, and in jejunum it was more in methionine group (P<0.05). The sum of measured villus surface area was higher and lower in threonine and lysine groups respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, among the 4 amino acids, post-hatch feeding of threonine has beneficial effects especially on the growth of intestine. In contrast, lysine has adverse effects on the body performance and intestinal morphology.
Key words: amino acid, broiler, intestine, post-hatch feeding
Salah EL-Din, E. Y. & A. I. Dakrory, 2015. Early embryonic development of the Harderian gland of the common quail (Coturnix coturnix). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, 304312. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.883
The present research aimed at giving a special focus on the early development of the Harderian gland the principal orbital gland in birds. The development of the Harderian gland was studied in the common quail (Coturnix coturnix) at 7, 8, 9 and 10 days of incubation. The Harderian gland started its development as a long tube with a narrow lumen proximally and undifferentiated lumen distally at the seventh day of incubation, while at the eighth day of incubation, the studied gland differentiated into: the upper group formed from five opened tubules but the lower one consisted of three relatively closed tubules; the Harderian gland attained a strap-like appearance with hour-glass major borders, an increase in number of acini which share in formation of gland and its corresponding closed duct at the ninth day of incubation. More additional acini shared in formation of the Harderian gland. The tubular wide opened Harderian gland duct has appeared. Innervation of the Harderian gland was carried by the inferior ramus of oculomotor nerve at tenth day of incubation.
Key words:
Coturnix coturnix, development, Harderian gland
Igbokwe, C. O. & D. N. Ezeasor, 2015. Histological and immunohistochemical changes of the thyroid gland during the foetal and postnatal period of development in indigenous Large White crossbred pigs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, 313324. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.859
The present study was carried out to ascertain the morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical changes (expression of calcitonin and somatostatin) in the thyroid gland of indigenous local pig crosses during the foetal and postnatal period of development. A total of thirty foetal thyroids (40) grouped into early and late foetal period, fifteeen (15) prepubertal and ten (10) pubertal thyroids obtained from slaughtered pigs in the local abattoir were used. Histomorphometrically, all the measured parameters increased with development in all thyroid age group. The mean values were significantly different at p˂0.05 among ages. Histologically, significant age-related variations in the structure of the foetal and postnatal thyroids were observed in the follicles, colloid, colloid vacuoles, follicular cells and interfollicular connective tissue. Calcitonin was demonstrated in the foetal and postnatal parafollicular cells, while somatostatin was only localised in the pubertal parafollicular cells. The study provides strong evidence of thyroid functionality during the late foetal period that changes with age during the development.
Key words:
foetal, histology, imunohistochemistry, pig, postnatal, thyroid gland
Lashev, L., S. Atanasova & Т. Dinev, 2015. Interspecies and gender-related variations of some haematological parameters in Galliformes bird species. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No. 4, 325337. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.783
An analysis of literature data about routine haematological parameters of avian species from the Galliformes order is made. Data for the following gallinaceous birds were included: wild and domesticated chicken breeds, common pheasant, quail, turkey, peafowl and guinea fowl. Data for red and white blood picture indices such as haemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts from the literature as well as own data were used. Gender-related differences were reported by most of authors for RBC, haemoglobin and PCV with higher values in male birds from the Gallus gallus species. Similar results were not found in other species of the order. In most of the cases no statistically significant interspecies or gender-related differences in WBC counts were registered. Tendencies for higher heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (H/L) in male birds were also registered. Differences related to the breed, result of various degree of domestication, were not identified.
Key
words:
birds, gallinaceous, haematology, interspecies and sex related differences
Chalmeh, A., k. Badiei, e. Fereidounpour, m. Pourjafar & s. Nazifi, 2015. Correlations among synovial fluid biomarkers in clinically healthy dromedary camels. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No. 4, 338347. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.855
Synovial fluids were taken from 33 adult male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), after slaughtering. In these samples, the concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, zinc, copper, selenium, iron and vitamin A, E and C were assayed. Iron had positive and significant correlations with vitamin A, haptoglobin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P<0.05). The correlation between iron and vitamin C was negative. Zinc was correlated significantly with haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma, (P<0.05). The relationships between copper and haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were negatively and positively significant, respectively. Selenium was closely correlated to haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma (P<0.05). The relationship between vitamin C and haptoglobin was negatively significant in studied animals. There are relationships among oxidative stress biomarkers in synovial fluid of dromedary camels. In synovial fluid, each detected biomarker can affect others and the presence and activity of each parameter it can be estimated by measuring another one.
Key
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correlation, dromedary camels, oxidative stress biomarkers, synovial fluid
Eizadi, E., F. Shariatmadari, M. A. Karimi Torshizi & H. R. Hemati Matin, 2015. Broiler chicken performance in response to various levels of raw and autoclaved rice bran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, 348360. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.885
The inclusion of raw or autoclaved rice bran
(RB) into broiler chicken diets was evaluated. A total of 420 broiler chickens
(Ross 308) were assigned to a basal diet (without RB) or diets containing 6, 12,
and 18% raw or autoclaved RB with 3 replicates of 20 chickens. By polynomial
orthogonal contrasts, a significant reduction in body weight gain and feed
intake (L: P =0.048), the weight of abdominal fat (L: P=0.048), ether extract
digestibility (L: P=0.025), villus height (L: P=0.046), and crypt depth
(L and Q: P=0.043) was achieved by increasing the inclusion levels of raw or
autoclaved RB in the diets. On day 42, significant decreases were found in the
weights and the ash contents of tibia (L: P=0.003) with increasing the level of
raw RB in the diets. Decreased serum cholesterol was obtained following the
inclusion of increasing levels of raw RB (Q: P=0.015) or autoclaved RB (L and Q:
P=0.015) in the diets. The inclusion of RB in the diets resulted in poorer
nutrient digestibility and performance, although it had some modulation effects
on blood lipid biochemistry. It is suggested that the inclusion of raw RB in the
diets should be limited to 6%, however, autoclaving allowed inclusion of RB up
to 12% in the broiler diets.
Muchlisin, Z. A., Z. Fuadi, A. M. Munazir, N. Fadli, W. Winaruddin, C. Nanda Defira & A. Hendri, 2015. First report on asian fish tapeworm (bothriocephalus acheilognathi) infection of indigenous mahseer (tor tambra) from nagan raya district, aceh province, indonesia. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, 361366. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.877
The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and intensity of the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi on the indigenous mahseer fish Tor tambra. The fish samples were collected from Isiep River, Nagan Raya District as representative of wild population and from aquaculture ponds as representative of captive population. A total of 30 fish samples from Krueng Isep river and 30 fish samples from aquaculture fish ponds were examined in this study. The fish samples were abdominally dissected and the alimentary tracts were taken and perforated. The alimentary contents were placed onto petri dish and observed for tapeworms. The samples of worm were photographed using stereo microscope. The results showed that the fish samples from aquaculture fishponds were infected by Bothriocephalus acheilognathi with the prevalence and intensity of 53.33% and 8.06, respectively, while no fish from the river was infected by cestoda.
Key words: Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, cestodes, intensity, keureling, prevalenceAntonov, A. L., A. S. Atanasov, I. R. Fasulkov, P. I. Georgiev, S. A. Yotov, M. P. Karadaev & N. Y. Vasilev, 2015. Influence of some factors on the incidence of pyometra in the bitch. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, 367372. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.871
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of breed, age, season, mating, pregnancy, progestin contraceptive treatment and the onset time of the disease after the last heat on the incidence and epidemiology of canine pyometra in Bulgaria. The investigation included 217 bitches suffering from pyometra. We found that the disorder was most often observed in 7-year-old, mixed breed bitches, most frequently in September and 4 weeks after the heat.
Key
words:
age, bitch, breed, incidence, pyometra, season
Teneva, D., Z. Denkova, R. Denkova, T. Atanasova, N. Nenov & P. Merdzhanov, 2015. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts from black pepper, cumin, coriander and cardamom against some pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 4, 373377. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.881
The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts of fruits of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) against pathogenic (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella sp. (clinical isolate), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Proteus vulgaris G) and saprophytic (Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) microorganisms was examined by disc-diffusion and well-diffusion methods. The essential oils and the extracts inhibited the growth of pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms causing gastrointestinal diseases. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the extracts and oils (inhibition zones between 9.5 and 20 mm) and the minimum inhibitory concentration was more than 600 ppm. The tested Gram-negative bacteria were less sensitive (zones of inhibition between 8 and 12 mm) with a minimum bactericidal concentration more than 600 ppm. The obtained essential oils and extracts are suitable for use as biopreservative agents.
Key words: antimicrobial activity, black pepper, cardamom, coriander, cumin, essential oil