ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 18, NUMBER 1, MARCH 2015
CONTENTS
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M. T. TION, J. DVORSKA & S. A. SAGANUWAN Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, pp. 1-18 |
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O. A. MUSTAPHA, O. E. AYOADE, T. K. OGUNBUNMI & M. A.
OLUDE Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, pp. 19-30 |
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O. O. LEIGH, B. O. EMIKPE & J. O. OGUNSOLA Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, pp. 31-39 |
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A. AL-MARIRI |
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T. A. JARIKRE, B. O. EMIKPE, R. D. FOLITSE, T. K. ODOOM,
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A. V. NEFEDCHENKO, T. I. GLOTOVA & A. G. GLOTOV |
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N. ŚWIĘCICKA, H. BERNACKA, E. FAC & J. ZAWIŚLAK |
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M. SIMONOV & V. VLIZLO |
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A. H. DASKALOVA & A. I. PAVLOV
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R. V. SURESH KUMAR, P. VEENA, S. BHARATHI, L.
SIVASUDHARSHAN & J. DEVARATHNAM |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 18, Number 1, March 2015, Summaries
Tion, M. T., J. Dvorska & S. A. Saganuwan, 2015. A review on urolithiasis in dogs and cats. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 1–18. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.806
Urolithiasis is a nutritional disease that affects domestic carnivores. Past and recent literature on urolithiasis was reviewed for information on anatomical occurrence, physiology of urine formation, prevalence, mineral composition, clinical signs, laboratory findings, dissolution therapy, surgery and prevention of urolithiasis. The acquired knowledge of complexed and multifaceted urolithiasis is a tremendous achievement towards the treatment and control of the disease. However, eradication of the disease is the most challenging as it requires total overhaul of all the factors that are responsible for the formation of uroliths.
Key words:
cat, dog, urolithiasis, uroliths
Mustapha, O. A., O. E. Ayoade, T. K. Ogunbunmi & M. A. Olude, 2015. Morphology of the oral cavity of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 19-30. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.793
Ten adult African giant rats (AGR), 5 males and 5 females, were used to determine the regional anatomy of their oral cavity. Body measurements were recorded. The oral cavity was accessed by disarticulating the temporo-mandibular joint and the gross morphology of the lips, palate, cheek pouch, teeth, tongue and major salivary glands were studied. Morphometric parameters of the cheek pouch, tongue and major glands were also determined. Histological features of the tongue were demonstrated after haematoxylin and eosin staining. The upper lip revealed a philtrum extending from the median septum of the nostrils and terminating at the oral fissure in a divergent triangle to expose the elongated incisors. The lower lip formed a smooth arch ventral to the upper lip. Average number of palatine ridges was 9. The tongue (mean weight of 3.80±0.08 g) appeared spatula shaped. Main papillae were filiform and fungiform, with scattered vallate papillae on histology. The mean pouch capacity of males and females was 27.46±0.41 mL and 27.18±0.49 mL respectively while the dentition of the AGR was noted as 2(I1/1 C0/0 P0/0 M3/3) and showed typical rodent features. The major salivary glands (parotid and mandibular) were well developed. This work reports baseline research data on the anatomy of the AGR’s oral cavity and will have usefulness in determining the adaptive features in this rodent to its diet, habitat and lifestyle.
Key
words:
African giant rat, cheek pouch, dentition, oral cavity, regional anatomy
Leigh, O. O., B. O. Emikpe & J. O. Ogunsola, 2015. Histopathological changes in some reproductive and endocrine organs of trypanosoma brucei infected west african dwarf goat does. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 31-39. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.831
Available information on the mechanisms responsible for some reproductive lesions observed in experimental trypanosomiasis has not been fully elucidated. This work was undertaken to further study the histopathologic effects of Trypanosoma brucei infection on hypothalamus, adenohypophysis, ovary, uterus, placenta of the West African dwarf (WAD) doe and liver of aborted foetuses. Sixteen does (10 infected and 6 controls) and 3 foetuses from infected does were used for this study. Reproductive and endocrine organs from the does and livers of aborted foetuses were routinely processed for histopathology and studied using light microscopy. Findings revealed degenerative and inflammatory lesions which include hypothalamitis, adenohypophysitis, endometritis, placentitis as well as vacuolar change and cord atrophy in foetal liver. We conclude that experimental T. brucei infection caused significant histopathologies in the hypothalamus, adenohypophysis, uterus, placenta and foetal liver and that these lesions may underline the etiopathogenesis of infertility in trypanosome-infected WAD goat does.
Key words: endocrine, histopathology, reproduction, trypanosomosis, West African dwarf goatAl-Mariri, A., 2015. Isolation of Brucella melitensis strains from syrian bovine milk samples. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 40-48. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.842
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that still constitutes a major public health problem in Syria. In the current study, Brucella has been isolated from cow milk samples and typed by both molecular and conventional techniques. Over a 6-year period (2002–2007) 2372 milk samples were collected from Syrian cow herds. The milk ring test (MRT) was performed where 57% of samples were found to be positive. Milk samples were cultured on the Brucella selective medium and incubated for 24–48 h. One-quarter of milk samples were contaminated with Brucella, which is considered as a relatively high rate of contamination. In addition, biochemical properties of isolates have been identified. All isolated Brucella strains were positive for catalase, oxidase and urea reaction, did not need CO2 to grow and rarely produced H2S, could grow in the presence of fuchsin and thionin. The agglutination test was negative with anti-R and positive with anti-M and anti-A sera; so it was determined as B. melitensis strain, biovar 3. A specific PCR assay targeting the bcsp31 gene and the specific integration of IS711 elements within the genome of Brucella species has been used. Molecular typing results were compatible with conventional methods.
Key words: agglutination test, biochemical test, cow herds, milk ring test
Jarikre, T. A., B. O. Emikpe, R. D. Folitse, T. K. Odoom, A. Fuseini & E. Shaibu, 2015. Prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in three regions of ghana. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 49–55. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.828
Information on the prevalence of important reproductive zoonoses in West African countries other than Nigeria had been scanty in literature. This study estimates the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats from Northern, Ashanti and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. tissues/swabs (319) and serum (370) samples were collected from sheep and goats comprising male and female West African Dwarf (WAD) and sahelian breeds between 1 to 4 years of age in the regions. These were screened for brucellosis using Modified Ziehl Neelsen (MZN) staining method and the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). A seroprevalence of 13.3% was recorded while 17.0% were positive with modified ZN staining. Goats (10%) and female animals (7.0%) had slightly higher seroprevalence. Adult animals of above two years had prevalence of 92.0% while WAD breed had the highest prevalence of 63.0% with 2.7% in female WAD. More seropositive animals were found from Ashanti region than other regions. Due to the zoonotic and economic implications of the disease, there is the need to embark on the strict control strategies including vaccination of small ruminants against brucellosis.
Key words: brucellosis, Ghana, MZN staining method, seroprevalence, small ruminants
Nefedchenko, A. V., t. I. Glotova & a. G. Glotov, 2015. In vitro and in vivo activity of homeopathic drugs against bovine herpesvirus-1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 56-64. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.846
The goal of this work was to study an in vitro and in vivo activity of combination homeopathic remedies against the BHV-1 and BVDV-1 viruses. To do so, we determined the antiviral activity of Euphorbium compositum Nasentropfen S, Engystol, and Echinacea compositum SN in cell cultures by measuring the drop in the concentration of these viruses. The in vivo experiment was conducted in 10 seronegative calves aged 2 to 3 months. The live Trivac vaccine was administered intranasally to all calves. For 10 days, the animals received subcutaneous injections of Engystol in the study group and of normal saline in the control group. The concentration of the viruses and the duration of their excretion with nasal discharge, as well as the titres of antiviral antibodies were determined. The in vitro tests showed that all studied remedies exhibited antiviral activity to varying degrees. In the in vivo experiment, Engystol reduced the concentration of the viruses and the duration of their excretion with the calves' nasal discharge, having no effect on the production of antiviral antibodies.
Key words: antiviral activity, cattle, bovine herpesvirus-1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1, homeopathy
Święcicka, N., h. Bernacka, e. Fac & j. Zawiślak, 2015. Prevalence and commonest causes for otitis externa in dogs from two polish veterinary clinics. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 65-73. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.824
The aim of this research was to determine the incidence of otitis externa in dogs from two veterinary clinics in Poland caused by fungi, bacteria and parasites, taking into consideration predisposing factors as breed or season of the year. The research material was based on the data collected from dogs with otitis externa symptoms. A total of 1,185 dogs were registered, 121 of them were diagnosed with otitis externa. It was observed that the most frequent cause of ear inflammation in dogs were Malassezia pachydermatis fungi in the auditory meatus. Another equally important factor causing the disease was Otodectes cynotis. Only few dogs with otitis externa were diagnosed for the presence of bacteria. It was found that some dog breeds, such as Labrador retriever, golden retriever, German shepherd, cocker spaniel or Yorkshire terrier, due to their anatomy are more susceptible to otitis externa episodes. The majority of the cases of dogs suffering from otitis externa appeared in the summer. The lowest percentage was recorded in the spring and autumn.
Key words:
bacteria, dogs, fungi,
otitis externa, parasites
Simonov, M. & v. Vlizlo, 2015. Some blood markers of the functional state of liver in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 74-82.DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.814
Metabolic disorders in animals are one of the most important problems in modern cattle production. The paper presents results characterising the functional state of the liver in dairy cows with clinical ketosis. The study was conducted on 17 Holstein cows (9 of them were clinically healthy with negative test for ketone bodies in urine and 8 with positive test) in their second to fourth lactation with milk yield above 8,000 kg per previous lactation. Conducted research has shown that cows affected with ketosis, had hypoglycaemia, dysproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, increased liver enzymes and higher blood content of aromatic and sulfur-containing amino acids. Herewith the activity of cholinesterase and phospholipids were decreased. Albumins-globulins ratio and esterified to total cholesterol ratio was decreased in conditions associated with liver pathology due to clinical ketosis. Sick cows had signs of secondary osteodystrophy. Obtained results allowed us concluding that dairy cows ketosis caused significant changes in structural and functional state of liver, associated with abnormalities in of serum proteins synthesis, disturbed metabolism of amino acids, lipids and calcium.
Key words: amino acids, calcium, clinical ketosis, cows, lipids, liver pathology, proteins
Daskalova, A. H. & A. I. Pavlov, 2015. effect of two stunning methods on postmortem muscle pH and meat quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 83-90. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.822
Percussive and electrical stunning are the most promising methods in terms of rendering fish unconscious prior to slaughter. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these two stunning methods on postmortem muscle changes and meat quality of common carps. The experimental fish were stunned either by percussion (Group 1) or by electrical current application (Group 2), both followed by immediate decapitation. Muscle pH was measured at different time intervals to assess the postmortem metabolic changes, whereas meat colour, drip loss and water activity were used as quality parameters. The fish in Group 1 showed slightly accelerated postmortem muscle metabolism, higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) colour values and lower water activity. Percentage of drip loss after 4 days of storage at 4 °C did not differ significantly between the two groups. Based on the obtained results we concluded that both tested stunning methods were not associated with high levels of stress and significant detrimental effect on the meat quality of common carps.
Key words:
fish stunning, meat quality, muscle pH, slaughter, stress
Suresh Kumar, R. V., P. Veena, S. Bharathi, L. Sivasudharshan & J. Devarathnam, 2015. A rare case of acquired urinary bladder diverticulum in a buffalo calf. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 18, No 1, 91-94. DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.820
Urinary bladder diverticulum is an outpouching of urothelial mucosa through bladder muscular wall. The present paper reports one such rare accidental finding of acquired urinary bladder diverticulum in a buffalo calf and its surgical management. A 3-month-old male buffalo calf was presented with a history of not having passed urine for the previous 15 days but with no signs of bladder rupture. Physical and ultrasonographic examinations revealed intact and distended bladder. Medical management was unsuccessful and exploratory surgery revealed presence of large bladder diverticulum. Diverticulum was resected and tube cystotomy was performed. Animal had uneventful recovery without any complications.
Key words:
buffalo calf, diverticulum, tube cystotomy, urinary bladder