ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 17, NUMBER 1, MARCH 2014
CONTENTS
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A. H. SHAFIIAN & B. MOBINI Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, pp. 1-8 |
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W. GHONIMI, A. SHARAF, M. HAFEZ BAREEDY, A. BALAH Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, pp. 9-17 |
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P. I. HRISTOV, D. R. TEOFANOVA, B. S. NEOV, L. I.
ZAGORCHEV & G. A. RADOSLAVOV Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, pp. 18-24 |
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Full
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M. J. VELHNER, D. M. STOJANOVIĆ, S. I. STEFAN-MIKIĆ & G. V. KOZODEROVIĆ
EVIDENCE OF
gyrA
MUTATIONS IN NALIDIXIC ACID-RESISTANT SALMONELLA ENTERICA
SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS |
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Full
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M. ANDONOVA, V. URUMOVA, B. PETKOVA, E. SLAVOV, |
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Full
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M. SAFI, B. ALBALAA & A. AL-MARIRI |
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Full
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J. INDJOVA, KH. FAKIH, D. SIVREV, D. YOVCHEV & TS.
CHAPRAZOV |
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Full
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R. BINEV, I. VALCHEV, A. RUSSENOV & Y. NIKOLOV |
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Full
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H. A. ALIDOOSTI, M. R. RAZZAGHI MANESH, S. I. MASHHADY RAFIE & M. O.
DADAR |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 17, Number 1, March 2014, Summaries
Shafiian, A. H. & B. Mobini, 2014. Histological and histochemical study on the uropygial gland of the goose (Anser anser). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 1-8.
A study on the microscopic anatomy of the uropygial gland was conducted in 10 female and 10 male one-year-old healthy geese (Anser Anser). The tissue samples were stained by haematoxylin eosin and special techniques: Van giesson, Verhoeff’s, Gomori’s, Alcian blue, Periodic acid- Schiff, Oil red O, and Sudan black B. The goose uropygial gland was enclosed by a capsule of connective tissue which contained Herbst corpuscles, smooth muscles, fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, elastic, reticular and collagenous fibres. All the connective tissue fibres and lymphatic aggregations were found in the intertubular interstitium of gland. The gland’s parenchyma was composed of many simple secretory tubules that opened central main ducts. The tubular epithelial cells are classified into germinative, intermediate, secretory and degenerative layers. Each lobe was divided into two different zones, an outer sebaceous and an inner glycogen zones. In the Alcian blue staining, positive reaction was observed in all surface epithelial cells. Neutral mucosubstances (weakly acid mucopolysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid and sialomucins) were seen in the glands. Not only neutral lipids, but also sudanophilic lipids have been observed in both sexes. No significant sex-based differences were found.
Key words: goose (Anser anser), histochemistry, histology, sex, uropygial gland
Ghonimi, W., A. Sharaf, M. Hafez Bareedy, A. Balah & A. Awad Abuel-Atta, 2014. Morphological studies on the seminal glands of mature buffalo bulls (Bos bubalis L.). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 9-17.
The current work was carried out on the seminal glands of 20 healthy male buffalo bulls. The specimens were collected and examined anatomically and histologically after being fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. Paraffin sections were obtained and stained. Grossly, the vesicular glands were a pair of elongated glands located on the dorsal aspect of pelvic urethra near the neck of the urinary bladder and found attaching lateral to the terminal parts of ductus deferens. Microscopically, the vesicular gland was covered with thick well-developed fibro-muscular capsule, formed of smooth muscle bundles intermingled with fibrous connective tissue. The gland was divided into lobes with thick well-developed fibromuscular connective tissue septae. The gland parenchyma consisted of numerous secretory units of tubular and tubulo-alveolar types and ducts were lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium consisting of two cell types: columnar cells and basal cells.
Key words: gross anatomy, histomorphology, mature buffalo bull, vesicular gland
Hristov, P. I., D. R. Teofanova, b. S. Neov, l. I. Zagorchev & g. A. Radoslavov, 2014. Population structure of two native bulgarian cattle breeds with regard to csn3 and csn1s1 gene polymorphism. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 18-24.
The application of gene specific molecular markers in genotyping and genetic identification is of essential significance for preserving genetic diversity. The aim of study was to reveal the genotype profile of two native for Bulgaria cattle breeds – Shorthorn Rhodopean cattle breed (SRc) and Bulgarian Grey cattle breed (BGc). These breeds were genotyped with respect to alfaS1-casein gene (CSN1S1) and kappa casein gene (CSN3) polymorphism by PCR-RFLP assay. The results showed high frequency of the homozygous BB genotype and B allele (70%) of CSN1S1 in SRc breed. Analysis of CSN3 polymorphism revealed that the heterozygous AB genotype was presented with the highest frequency and prevalence of the B allele (54%). Analysis of polymorphism of the CSN1S1 gene in the BGc breed displayed high frequency of the heterozygous BC genotype and B gene allele (57%). The results for CSN3 locus showed superiority of the heterozygous AB genotype and prevalence of the uncommon B allele (51%). Genetic profiles of the Bulgarian local breeds were compared to other European cattle populations to establish the position of the breeds with regard to cattle diversity. It may be concluded that SRc and BGc breeds are with specific genotype profiles similar to other cattle population in South-Eastern Europe.
Key words: Bulgarian Grey cattle, CSN1S1, CSN3, genotyping, PCR-RFLR, Shorthorn Rhodopean cattle
Velhner, M. J., D. M. Stojanović, S. I. Stefan-Mikić & G. V. Kozoderović, 2014. Evidence of gyrA mutations in nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 25-31.
The goal of our research was to detect mutations on gyrA gene in a small collection of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) isolated from stool specimens, food and poultry in quinolone resistant strains. Out of 60 randomly selected isolates, resistance to nalidixic acid was exhibited by 15%. Five isolates were from poultry, three isolates were from stools and one was found in a pastry collected from a biscuit factory. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing revealed different mutations in gyrA gene. The following amino acid exchanges were found: Asp87®Asn (in three isolates from stool and four isolates from poultry), Ser83®Phe mutation was found in one isolate from poultry and Asp87®Gly substitution was detected in one isolate from food. Multiple resistance in S. Enteritidis from a day-old chicken was attributed to ampicillin, cephalothin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. In two strains from human stools the following resistotypes were noted: ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and neomycin. This was the first research on distribution of gyrA mutations in S. Enteritidis in Serbia.
Key words: food, gyrA, poultry, resistance, Salmonella, stool
Andonova, M., v. Urumova, b. Petkova, e. Slavov, p. Dzhelebov, Ts. Chaprazov, r. Roydev & i. Borissov, 2014. Haematological and biochemical parameters characterising the progression of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infection in dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 32-41.
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in some rapid, indicative clinical laboratory parameters – white blood cells (WBC), leukogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total protein (TP), albumin (A), globulins (G), albumin/globulin ratio (A/G) during experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infection in dogs and to determine their ability to provide information for evaluating such type of infection. Suspension of P.aeruginosa (1×108 cfu/mL) was inoculated at a dose 0.3 mL/kg body weight, in five clinically healthy, dogs, 2–5 years old, weighing 24.3 ± 1.8 kg. The control group (n=5) was injected with the same dose of normal saline. The blood samples were taken in the following dynamics: before infection (0 h) and on 4th, 24th, 48th, 72nd hour and on 7th, 10th and 14th day after infection. The data presented clearly suggest that ESR was the most sensitive haematological parameter increasing significantly 4 hours after infection (P<0.01), with values remaining high (P<0.001) till the end of experimental period (day 14). WBC increased significantly on hour 72 (P<0.001). The changes in the leukogram demonstrated increase in band neutrophils on hour 48 and 72 (P<0.01), which is indicative for left shift. Eosinopenia was found on hour 24 and 72 (P<0.01). Analysis of biochemical parameters demonstrated that the period within 24th to 72nd hour was crucial in progress of P. aeruginosa skin infection. This statement is supported by the significant decrease of albumin concentration (P<0.001), decrease in A/G ratio and hyperglobulinaemia (P<0.001) within this period. These alterations in protein profile did not affect total protein concentration, which remained unchanged during the whole experimental period. The matched analysis of both haematological and biochemical parameters is more accurate and indicative for the progression of bacterial skin infections in dogs. Albumin and globulins concentrations and A/G ratio are sensitive, consistent and reliable parameters, which can be useful for evaluating skin P. aeruginosa infection in dogs.
Key words: albumin, dog, globulin, haematological parameters, P. aeruginosa, skin infection
Safi, M., B. Albalaa & A. Al-Mariri, 2014. Efficacy of some second- and third-generation fluoroquinolones against Brucella melitensis 16M in BALB/c mice. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 42-49.
Brucellosis is considered as a major endemic disease in Syria. There is a paucity of data regarding suitable antibiotic prophylaxis. BALB/c mice were challenged with either a low (104 CFU) or a high (107 CFU) concentration of Brucella melitensis. Antibiotics were administrated prior to, post or at the same time as the bacterial challenge. Mice were killed either 48 hours or 30 days after the last injection of antibiotics. Efficacy of antibiotics to limit or control infection was determined by reduced bacterial burden in mice spleens. When a low concentration was injected, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin and doxycycline were effective 48 hours after the cessation of treatment. Sparfloxacin protection was observed 30 days after the cessation of treatment. After a high injected concentration, antibiotics were effective 48 h after the cessation of treatment just in prior to exposure groups. Only sparfloxacin was effective 30 days after the cessation of treatment in prior to exposure group. In conclusion, these results suggest that sparfloxacin and levofloxacin have almost the same protective efficacy as doxycycline against a low concentration of B. melitensis infections.
Key words: antibiotic prophylaxis, BALB/c mice, Brucella melitensis, quinolones
Indjova, J., Kh. Fakih, D. Sivrev, D. Yovchev & Ts. Chaprazov, 2014. Stability of intraosseous dental implants with guided bone regeneration (in vivo experiment in dogs). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 50-60.
Three different protocols for dental implantation: immediate (ImI), delayed (DI) and conventional (CI) were used. The primary stability is important for the secondary stability of implants. The purpose of the experiments was to monitor the stability of ImI, DI and CI following guided bone regeneration (GBR). A total of 18 implants were placed in the alveoli of 9 extracted premolars of the lower jaw of three mixed breed dogs. GBR was performed with a combination of Bio Oss® and Emdogain® and the Bio Gide® membrane. Control GBR was performed with coagulum and the same membrane. The stability of the implants was measured with Osstell® ISQ. The primary stability of the three types of implants was high, and differed statistically significantly (P<0.05). By the end of the first month after the placement, the stability of ImI and DI was reduced. The secondary stability of ImI and DI increased substantially (P<0.05) by the end of the third month both with regard to primary stability and stability by the end of the first month. The primary stability of intraosseous implants was a prerequisite for a high secondary stability. The decline in stability by the end of the first month after implantation was not an obstacle to achieve a high secondary stability.
Key words: guided bone regeneration, implants, stability, xenografts
Binev, R., I. Valchev, A, Russenov & Y. Nikolov, 2014. Clinical toxicological investigations on acute carbofuran intoxication in dogs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 61-68.
The present studies were conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of the carbamate insecticide carbofuran (Carbosan 35 СТ) after experimental acute intoxication in dogs. The experiments included one control and five experimental groups (total number of 42 dogs), treated with increasing single doses of the preparation via an oesophageal tube as followed: experimental group I: 0.525 mg/kg, experimental group II: 1.05 mg/kg; experimental group III: 2.1 mg/kg; experimental group IV: 3.5 mg/kg and experimental group V: 5.25 mg/kg, corresponding to 1/20 LD50, 1/10 LD50, 1/5 LD50, 1/3 LD50 and 1/2 LD50 - oral doses for albino rats, respectively. The clinical status of all grous was followed out three consecutive days prior to the treatment (hours –48, –24 and 0) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 24 and 48 hours thereafter to evaluate rectal body temperature, heart and respiratory rates, faeces and urine excretion, locomotion, and perception. It was found out that the first toxic effects were observed at a dose of 1.05 mg/kg (1/10 of LD50 for albino rats), the first lethal issues occurred at 5.025 mg/kg (1/2 of LD50 for albino rats) and the dose provoking 100% lethality was 10.5 mg/kg, which was equal to LD50 for albino rats. The toxicity of the tested carbamate insecticide was clinically expressed by hyperthermia, tachycardia and polypnea hypersalivation, staggering, wandering gaze, bruxism, vomiting, faecal and urine incontinence, tremor, convulsions, seizures, clonic spasms, paresis and paralysis of limbs.
Key words: carbamate insecticide, carbofuran, clinical signs, dogs, intoxication
Alidoosti, H. A., M. R. Razzaghi Manesh, S. I. Mashhady Rafie & M. O. Dadar, 2014. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in dogs in Isfahan, Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 17, No 1, 69-73.
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram positive, facultative intracellular pathogen with the capacity to cause food poisoning outbreaks as well as severe illness in vulnerable human population groups. In this paper the faecal carriage rate of Listeria monocytogenes in domestic dogs in Isfahan city, determined from 92 faecal samples by bacteriological methods. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from only one of the samples examined (1.08%). The serotype of isolated bacteria was 1/2b. It was concluded that stray dogs could be a reservoir of the organism as well as a source of human listeriosis in Iran. This is the first report on the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from domestic dogs in Isfahan city.
Key words: dog, faeces, Listeria monocytogenes, Iran, Isfahan