ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 16, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2013
CONTENTS
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ZH. IVANOVA & I. PENCHEV GEORGIEV Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, pp. 65-80 |
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A. DOOSTI, A. SHEIKHSHAHROKH & M. KHORAMIAN Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, pp. 81-87 |
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E. IKPEGBU, D. N. EZEASOR, U. C. NLEBEDUM & O. NNADOZIE Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, pp. 88-95 |
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S. HAMEDI, T. SHOMALI & A. AKBARZADEH
PREPUBERTAL
AND PUBERTAL CAECAL WALL HISTOLOGY IN JAPANESE QUAILS (COTURNIX
COTURNIX JAPONICA) |
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F. SAFARPOOR DEHKORDI, N. HAGHIGHI, H. MOMTAZ, M. SALARI RAFSANJANI & M.
MOMENI |
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A. AL-MARIRI, A. ABOU YOUNES & L. RAMADAN |
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A. CHALMEH, M. POURJAFAR, KH. BADIEI & S. NAZIFI |
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I. K. ZANGANA & M. A. ABDULLAH |
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F. AMINI & A. MOSTAFA-TEHRANI |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 16, Number 2, June 2013, Summaries
Ivanova, Zh. & I. Penchev Georgiev, 2013. Relative contribution of β-cell dysfunction to glucose homeostasis impairment. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 65-80.
The last decade has witnessed a remarkable progress in the elucidation of cell mechanisms of insulin resistance (IR), as well as in its importance for the appearance and maintenance of hyperglycaemia that accompanies type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At the same time, the role of impaired β-cell function for the development of T2DM remains insufficiently researched. That is why, the purpose of this review was to provide and analyse information about the role and significance of reduced functional activity of β-cells for T2DM onset and the pathogenetic mechanisms of impaired insulin secretion. The data presented clearly suggest that the transition of impaired glucose tolerance into overt diabetes absolutely requires a disturbance in β-cell function, resp. insulin secretion. Regardless of the numerous unclear issues about the mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction, it could be claimed that many factors provoking IR (obesity, increased free fatty acid concentrations, increased levels of some adipokines, free radicals etc.) results in disturbance of β-cell functional activity. The increased amyloid deposition in the pancreas is not less important. The currently prevailing opinion is that while IR is rather a consequence of adverse environmental effects, the β-cell impairment is genetically determined. Therefore, the risk of T2DM development increases extremely when genetic predisposition to impaired β-cell function is combined with harmful environmental effects resulting in IR development.
Key words: β-cell dysfunction, glucose homeostasis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Doosti, A., A. Sheikhshahrokh & M. Khoramian, 2013. cDNA cloning and sequencing of insulin-like growth factor 1 in Iranian cattle. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 81-87.
The aim of this study was to clone and sequence the cattle IGF-1 gene in E. coli, done for the first time in Iran. The cDNA that encodes cattle IGF-1 was isolated from total mRNA of the bovine liver and amplified by PCR using IGF-1 specific PCR primers. Sequencing of DNA is the process of determining arranges of nucleotides on a fragment of DNA. Cycle sequencing is a procedure used to increase the DNA sequencing sensitivity process and allow the use of very small quantity of DNA starting material. Recombinant DNA technology had revolutionised genetic and biotechnology science in recent years and helped us to find and determine some specific and useful genes. We cut DNA at specific location and inserted this specific gene into a plasmid that will re-introduce it into a bacterial cell. When the bacteria genomes multiply, the plasmids multiply as well, creating many copies of the specific gene. Since bacteria multiply very quickly, large numbers of our specific gene can be produced in the laboratory for further analysis and application.
Key words: cDNA cloning, IGF-1, Iranian cattle
ikpegbu, E., D. N. Ezeasor, U. C. Nlebedum & O. Nnadozie, 2013. Morphological and histochemical observations on the oesogaster of the domesticated african catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 88-95.
The morphology of the intermediate region between the adult caudal oesophagus and cardiac stomach usually referred to as oesogaster was investigated in the farmed African catfish. This study was carried out to fill the dearth of information from available literature, especially the anatomic features that relates to the adaptation of this species to restriction in concrete tanks. The oesogaster was characterised by covering of PAS positive stratified mucous epithelium and gastric gland within the lamina propria. It contained a combination of the epithelia seen in both oesophagus and stomach. The gastric mucosa had the presence of oxyntopeptic cells in the lamina propria but these cells were absent in the region with oesophageal-like epithelium. The tunica muscularis in this transition region contained skeletal muscle fibres. The serosa was of simple squamous cells. The presence of the oesogaster in a stomach possessing fish suggests that the fish is adapting to fast deglutition in an intensive rearing environment necessitating the need for extension of esophageal mucosubstances which will help lubricate the feed further in the stomach, increase surface area for gastric digestion and possibly add extra carbohydrate to the fish diet, and buffer the effect of acid from the oxyntopeptic cells of the gastric gland.
Key words: African catfish, histochemistry, histology, neutral mucin, oesogaster
Hamedi, S., T. Shomali & A. Akbarzadeh, 2013. Prepubertal and pubertal caecal wall histology in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 96-101.
The present study is aimed to investigate changes in caecal wall histology of quails, during prepubertal and pubertal periods. To this end, forty quails at the ages of 10, 20, 30 (prepuberty) and 40 (puberty) days were slaughtered (10 birds in each sampling time) and histological sections from proximal, middle and distal parts of caeca were prepared and stained with H&E. It was observed that in proximal part, villus height significantly increased during prepuberty and remained constant around the puberty; moreover, the villi became wider at pubertal period. Highest width of both mucosal and muscular layers was observed on day 30. Sub mucosal layer width continued to increase with age. In middle part, the villi became significantly shorter and wider around puberty. Sub mucosal layer was thickest at puberty while the mucosal layer had its highest width. The increase in sub mucosal layer width was accompanied by expansion of lymphoid tissues in both proximal and middle parts. The villi were absent in distal part of cecum. The width of muscular layer increased with age during the prepubertal period and remained statistically constant afterwards. It can be concluded that caecal immune structures of quails in pre pubertal and pubertal ages expand by age and are more developed at puberty. The structural ability of muscular layer of caecal apex is increased at puberty which helps in returning particles back to colon when their entrance is increased due to short villi.
Key words: caecum, histology, prepuberty, puberty, quail
Safarpoor Dehkordi, F., N. Haghighi, H. Momtaz, M. Salari Rafsanjani & M. Momeni, 2013. Conventional vs real-time PCR for detection of bovine herpes virus type 1 in aborted bovine, buffalo and camel foetuses. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 102-111.
In the present study, conventional and real-time PCR assays were
developed in order to detect bovine herpes virus type 1 in clinical samples.
A total of 16 (11.18%), 10
(11.11%) and 8 (10.12%) aborted bovine, buffalo and camel foetuses were
respectively positive for the specific amplicon of 161 bp fragment for BHV-1 DNA
in conventional PCR. After using real-time PCR, the glycoprotein B gene of BHV-1
was seen in 21 (14.68%), 14 (15.55%) and 10 (12.65%) of aborted bovine, buffalo
and camel foetuses, respectively. There was no significant difference between
the abilities of conventional and real-time PCR assays for detection of BHV-1 in
abomasal contents of aborted foetuses. Statistical analysis showed significant
differences (P<0.05) between buffalo and camel aborted foetuses with regard to
the presence of the virus. The Ct values obtained from real-time PCR for
presence of
BHV-1 showed significant differences (P<0.05) between buffalo and camel
aborted foetuses. Our results showed that the real-time PCR assay was
2
times more sensitive than the conventional PCR. The Gilan province had the
highest BHV-1 prevalence and Kordestan: the lowest. Based on the results of this
study, camels were the most resistant and buffaloes –
the most sensitive to abortions caused by BHV-1. This is the first prevalence
report of direct detection of BHV-1 in aborted bovine, buffalo and camel
foetuses by evaluation of conventional and real-time PCR in Iran.
Al-Mariri, A., A. Abou Younes & L. Ramadan, 2013. Prevalence of Listeria spp. in raw milk in Syria. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 112-122.
Testing for Listeria spp. was performed in milk samples collected from Syrian provinces, from August 2005 to December 2008. A total of 766 milk samples were collected from randomly selected dairy farms. Using conventional bacteriologic methods, 84 samples (10.96%) were positive for Listeria spp. The isolated Listeria spp. strains were catalase positive, oxidase negative, did not produce H2S and were motile. The highest prevalence of Listeria spp. was found in raw bovine milk samples (16.2%), followed by sheep milk samples (12.4%), whereas Listeria spp. was not found in tested goat milk samples. L. monocytogenes was the most frequently isolated bacterium and was found in 41.6% of the raw milk samples. The remaining isolates were L. innocua (17.8%), L. ivanovii (14.2%), L. welshimeri (9.5%) and L. gravi (4.7%). PCR has confirmed our results using the specific 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S spacer involved in the genotypic identification of Listeria sp. The results of this study indicated the potential risk of the infection with Listeria in people consuming raw and unpasteurised milk and dairy products.
Key words: API system, Listeria, PCR, raw milk
Chalmeh, A., M. Pourjafar, Kh. Badiei & S. Nazifi, 2013. Correlations among cardiac biomarkers in sheep with experimentally induced endotoxaemia. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 123-132.
Five clinically healthy 1-year old Iranian fat-tailed ewes (25±1.5 kg body weight) were randomly selected and lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 was infused intravenously to induce endotoxaemia at 20 μg/kg. Blood samplings and serum separations were performed prior and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 hours after lipopolysaccharide injection and values of serum homocysteine, cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and lactate dehydrogenase were assayed. A rapid and significant elevation of all studied parameters was seen after endotoxaemia induction. There were positive correlations among homocysteine, cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and lactate dehydrogenase at all hours after endotoxaemia induction. The results of the current experimental study provide evidence for associations among these biomarkers and their changes during endotoxaemia and the data can be useful for assessing suspected cases of myocardial diseases and its changes may be of diagnostic and prognostic values.
Key words: cardiac biomarkers, cardiac enzymes, endotoxaemia, myocardial injuries, sheep
Zangana, I. K. & M. A. Abdullah, 2013. Epidemiological, clinical and histopathological studies of lamb and kid pox in Duhok, Iraq. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 133-138.
Retrospective quantitative analysis of epidemiological data of sheep and goat pox from the Duhok area revealed important scientific information. In the state, 308 lambs and kids from two flocks were affected by pox outbreaks and the disease was reported during the winter season. The study clearly showed that disease incidence was the highest in December and the percentage of affected animals was 30% in lambs, 40% in kids. Clinically severe systemic reaction characterised by nasal discharge accompanied by intense coughing, dyspnea, conjunctivitis and lacrimal discharge were observed. Gross and histopathological findings showed presence of pox lesions in different stages especially in areas with less wool and hair with clearly changes in the epidermis and the dermis of the skin layers. This study characterised the sheep and goat pox according to epidemiological, clinical and pathological events in Duhok area of Iraq.
Key words: kids, lambs, pathology, pox
Amini, F. & A. Mostafa-Tehrani, 2013. A five-year survey (2002–2007) on ovine pulmonary adenomatosis in a mixed-breed sheep flock. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 16, No 2, 139-142.
This study was conducted to identify and eradicate ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (OPA) in a sheep flock of different breeds in Iran. The animals included three imported types of Merinos, Chios, and Suffolk and two native types of Mogani and Shal. The adult sheep were monthly examined to find the suspected cases. For final diagnosis, the affected lungs were sent to pathological laboratory to confirm the diseases. By selecting and slaughtering the clinically positive cases, the disease occurrence was dramatically reduced during the 5 years of study and no positive case was diagnosed afterward. Out of 650 sheep examined during the five years, 132 (20.3%) were affected by OPA. There was a trend toward significant difference in susceptibility to OPA (P=0.058) between the sheep breeds. This study suggests that selecting and slaughtering positive cases of OPA are useful means for eradicating the diseases in sheep flocks.
Key words: control, diagnosis, ovine pulmonary jaagsiekte, sheep