ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 15, NUMBER 2, JUNE 2012
CONTENTS
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Full |
B. Mobini |
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Full
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Ts. V. Koynarski |
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Full
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A. SHARIFZADEH & A. DOOSTI |
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Full
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L. D. LASHEV & A. M. HARITOVA |
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Full
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A. M. AL-MUJALLI |
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Full
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E. RAHIMI, H. MOMTAZ, A. SHARIFZADEH, A. BEHZADNIA, M. S. ASHTARI, |
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Full
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F. SAFARPOOR DEHKORDI, P. PARSAEI, S. SABERIAN, S.
MOSHKELANI, P. HAJSHAFIEI, |
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Full
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G. ZHELEV, M. LYUTSKANOV, V. URUMOVA & K. KOEV |
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Full
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M. E. ALCIGIR & S. A. VURAL |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 15, Number 2, June 2012, Summaries
Mobini, B., 2012. Microscopic study of the gall bladder of the chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 73-78.
A study on the microscopic anatomy of the gall bladder was conducted in 8 female and 8 male twenty-week-old healthy Iranian chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). The gall bladder was composed of tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa or tunica adventitia. The tunica mucosa was mainly lined by simple columnar epithelium. All epithelial cells of the chukar gall bladder have reacted for acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The lamina muscularis mucosa was absent. The lamina propria-submucosa contained numerous diffuse or nodular lymphatic tissues. The tunica muscularis of the gall bladder showed a circular layer of smooth muscle fibers. The tunica serosa or adventitia presented no striking features.
Key words: chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), gall bladder, microscopic anatomy
Koynarski, Ts. V., 2012. Gene and genotype frequencies of C3 complement component alleles in sheep breeds reared in Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 79-85.
In order to determine the allele and genotype frequencies for the polymorphism of the gene coding the C3 component of the complement system, 432 sheep from nine breeds of different productive types were studied. Tests were carried out with Mouton Charollais, Ile de France, Trakia Merino breeds, milk crosses [Stara Zagora×East Friesian and (Stara Zagora × East Friesian) × Pleven Blackhead], White Maritsa, Patch-faced Maritsa, Karnobat, Pleven Blackhead and Stara Zagora breeds, with 48 animals studied from each breed. The animals were reared at the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora, the Agricultural Institute – Karnobat and private farms. Seven alleles were discovered (S, S1, S5, S7, S10, F, and F1), forming nine genotypes (SS, SS1, FS, FS5, FS7, FS10, FF, FF1, F1F1). The S allele frequency was the highest in sheep from the Stara Zagora and Trakia Merino breeds. In all other breeds, most common was the F allele, with this tendency being most evident in the Mouton Charollais and Pleven Blackhead breeds. The very rare S1 allele was found in three breeds with a frequency of 0.01 to 0.05. Another rare allele discovered over the course of his study was F1, with frequency varying between 0.2 and 0.13. The frequencies of the nine established genotypes (SS, SS1, FS, FS5, FS7, FS10, FF, FF1, F1F1) varied in each breed. The SS genotype was most commonly encountered in the Stara Zagora breed (0.42), the heterozygous FS genotype was most common in the Mouton Charollais breed and milk crosses (0.23), whereas the animals homozygous for the F allele were prevalent among the Pleven Blackhead breed (0.54). The heterozygous FS5 genotype was also notable, having a frequency of 0.33 in the Karnobat breed.
Key words: C3 complement component, polymorphism, sheep
Sharifzadeh, A. & A. Doosti, 2012. Investigation of leptin gene polymorphism in Iranian native cattle. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 86-92.
Leptin, a peptide hormone
secreted by adipose tissue cells, has been implicated in regulation of feed
intake, energy balance, fertility, immune functions, and the neuroendocrine axis
in rodents, humans and large domestic animals. The objective of present study
was to determine the polymorphic patterns of leptin gene in Iranian native
cattle using the PCR-RFLP technique. Bull semen specimens were collected from
132 Iranian native cattle and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR-RFLP method was
used for amplification and determination of the leptin gene polymorphism.
PCR was carried out between exon 2 (intron 2) and exon 3 (intron 3) and a 422 bp
fragment was amplified. Two alleles
(A and B), and three genotypes
– AA, AB and BB – were observed in
the studied population. The frequencies of A
and B alleles were 77.27% and 22.73%, respectively. Furthermore, the
frequencies of AA, AB, and BB genotypes were 59.09%, 36.36%
and 4.55%, respectively. The results of this study showed that the AA
genotype and the A allele were highly prevalent (P<0.01) in Iranian
native cattle and that the homozygosity for AA genotype of leptin gene
could be used as a genetic marker in Iranian native cattle.
Lashev, L. D. & A. M. Haritova, 2012. Allometric analysis of antibacterial drugs in avian species. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 93-109.
The purpose of this study was to examine the allometric relationships of fluoroquinolones, penicillins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and florfenicol in bird species using pharmacokinetic data from the literature. The parameters of interest (half-life, volume of distribution, and total body clearance) were correlated as a function of body weight applying an allometric approach (Y=aWb). Values of the coeficient a and the exponent b were close to the theorethical values for the clearance and volume of distribution of most drugs, except for sulfadimidine, tobramycin and apramycin. The elimination half-life was relatively independent of body mass for penicillins, pefloxacin, doxycycline and trimethoprim. Results of the analysis suggest that allometric scaling can be used as a tool for predicting pharmacokinetic parameters for most drugs in avian species. The predictive power is stronger, when only data for bird species are included, in comparison to simultaneous allometric scaling of the data for avian and mammalian species.
Key words: antibacterials, birds, pharmacokinetics, allometric scaling
Al-Mujalli, A. M., 2012. Relationship between mineral status and jaw fractures in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 110-114.
This study was designed to find out the relationship between the blood concentrations of some macro-minerals particularly magnesium, calcium and inorganic phosphate in camels with fractured jaw compared to their concentrations in healthy camels. Twenty camels with jaw fractures were included in this study; another twenty nine apparently healthy camels served as control group. The affected camels were subjected to a detailed physical examination. They showed obvious clinical signs of mandibular fracture. In some cases bilateral fracture was observed, the fractured part of the mandible being dropped ventrally from a site just cranial to the first premolar. Also, there was a wound in the buccal cavity exposing the fractured bone ends, dribbling of saliva from mouth commissure associated with partial or complete loss of appetite. Blood samples were obtained from the affected and healthy camels. The obtained results revealed that the mean values of these macro-minerals concentrations in the blood were significantly lower in camels with jaw fracture (2.85±0.29 mmol/l, 0.92±0.17 mmol/l and 0.13±0.07 mmol/l for calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate respectively) compared to respective values in healthy camels.
Key words: blood, camel, jaw fracture, minerals
Rahimi, E., H. Momtaz, A. Sharifzadeh, A. Behzadnia, M. S. Ashtari, S. Zandi Esfahani, M. Riahi & M. Momeni, 2012. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species isolated from traditional dairy products in Charar Mahal & Bakhtiary, Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 115-122.
A surveillance study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in traditional dairy products in Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiyari province, Iran. From February 2009 to February 2010, a total of 290 samples of various traditional dairy products were obtained from randomly selected retail stores located in 6 major cities of the province. Using cultural method, 21 samples (7.2%) were found positive for Listeria spp. The highest prevalence of Listeria was found in traditional ice-cream (16.7%), followed by cheese (15.0%), butter (7.5%), and kashk (2.2%) samples. The overall prevalence of Listeria was 7.2%, in which L. innocua was the most commonly recovered species (66.6%); the remaining isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes (23.8%), L. murrayi (4.8%) and L. seeligeri (4.8%). All 5 Listeria strains identified as L. monocytogenes were also positive using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibilities of the 21 strains to nine antimicrobial drugs were determined using the disk diffusion assay. All isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Six strains (28.6%) were resistant to a single and 5 strains (23.8%) showed resistance to two antimicrobial agents. Multi-drug resistance was established in 23.8% of Listeria strains. Resistance to nalidixic acid was the commonest finding (85.7%), followed by resistance to penicillin (47.6%), and tetracycline (33.3%). The results provide information about the contamination levels of traditional dairy products in one of the provinces of Iran and highlight the emergence of multi-drug resistant Listeria in the environment.
Key words: antimicrobial resistance, dairy products, Iran, Listeria spp.
Dehkordi, F. Safarpoor, P. Parsaei, S. Saberian, S. Moshkelani, P. Hajshafiei, S. R. Hoseini, M. Babaei & M. N. Ghorbani, 2012. Prevalence study of Theileria annulata by comparison of four diagnostic techniques in southwest Iran. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 123-130.
To identify the prevalence rate of theileria annulata, blood and lymph node biopsy smears and blood and lymph node PCR have been developed. In 174 out of 1202 blood samples (14.478%) and in 129 out of 1202 lymph node biopsy samples (10.73%), the piroplasm forms and macroschizonts of Theileria were observed on blood and lymph node biopsy smears, respectively. A 230 bp band in both PCR tests that indicated the presence of T. annulata (prevalence rate) was present in 338 out of 1202 samples (28.11%). Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P<0.01) between the ability of biopsy smears and PCR tests to detect T. annulata. Our study entirely rejected the presence of the other Theileria species as parasitic pathogens in southwest Iran. After analysis of data, it was recognized that 14.47% and 8.23% of positive samples were on late and initial stages of disease, respectively. It was estimated that 32.24% of positive samples have been treated. Application of both PCR tests was more sensitive than the two other diagnostic assays to detect T. annulata. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of direct identification of T. annulata in blood and lymph node samples by evaluation of biopsy smears and PCRs tests in Iran.
Key words: blood PCR, blood smear, lymph node biopsy smear, lymph node PCR, theileria annulata
Zhelev, G., M. Lyutskanov, V. Urumova & K. Koev, 2012. Efficacy of a sodium perborate agent for prophylactic disinfection of waterfowl incubators. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 131-136.
The results of two examinations on the effect of a sodium perborate bleaching agent (Oksisept) for cleaning and disinfection of waterfowl incubators, applied by coarse spray and cold aerosol spray are presented. The comparative evaluation of the disinfection was done via microbiological examinations of the microbial count reduction, presence of residual microflora, and detection of indicator bacterial species. The efficacy of both disinfection protocols was assessed as high. The elements of the ventilation/cooling system of the incubator were evaluated as critical for disinfection, due to the high microbial contamination rate and the more difficult cleaning and disinfection.
Key words: disinfection, hatchery, Oksisept
Alcigir, M. E. & S. A. Vural, 2012. A case of odontogenic inflammatory dentigerous cyst in a calf: Macroscopic and histopathological findings. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 2, 137-141.
The dentigerous cyst is a malformation derived from deciduous and/or permanent teeth follicle and cell rests in the dental lamina. Its histopathogenesis is not entirely known. In cattle, bilaterally symmetrical dentigerous cysts are described in both mandibular and maxillary regions. In this case, the macroscopic and histopathological traits of an odontogenic dentigerous cyst in a 5-day-old female Holstein calf, which developed in the left ventral mandible and included two erupted deciduous teeth and clear fluid, was described.
Key words: calf, mandibular, odontogenic dentigerous cyst, pathomorphology