ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
VOLUME 15, NUMBER 1, MARCH 2012
CONTENTS
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I. R. Fasulkov Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1 pp. 1-12 |
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A. M. Haritova Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, pp. 13-20 |
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I. Vashin, T. Stoyanchev, M. Iliev & H. Naydenski Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, pp. 21-29 |
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F. SAFARPOOR DEHKORDI, H. MOMTAZ & A. DOOSTI
Application of
real-time PCR for detection of Aspergillus species in aborted
ruminant foetuses |
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M. POURJAFAR, K. BADIEI, A. A. CHALMEH, A. R. SANATI, A. SHAHBAZI, M.
BADKOBEH |
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K. M. ALSAAD, Q. T. AL-OBAIDI & S. D. HASSAN |
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N. M. USEH, A. J. NOK, N. D. G. IBRAHIM & K. A. N. ESIEVO |
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I. S. Stefanov |
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M. PASKALEV, L. LAZAROV & A. ATANASOV |
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 15, Number 1, March 2012, Summaries
Fasulkov, I. R., 2012. Ultrasonography of the mammary gland in ruminants: A review. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, 1-12.
Fast and accurate diagnostics and prognosis are very important with regard to mammary gland illnesses in ruminants due to the negative economic impact of the loss of milk productivity. This necessitates the usage of modern, accurate and quick methods for mammary gland examination, such as ultrasonography. The main advantage of ultrasonography examination is the method’s non-invasiveness and the possibility for visualisation of the structures in all parts of the mammary gland (teat and parenchyma). Possible indications for application could be disruptions in milk secretion, diagnostics of pathological changes (stenosis and obstructions, inflammations, abscesses, haematomas, foreign bodies, etc.), measurements of teat canal length and diameter, teat cistern diameter, and teat wall thickness. The ultrasound examination of the mammary gland parenchyma in ruminants is mainly performed through the direct contact technique (transcutaneous echography) with low-frequency linear, sector or convex transducer (3.5–5 MHz) and horizontal scanning. Examination of the teat is most commonly conducted through the water bath technique and vertical scanning. A high-quality image can be produced if a high-frequency probe is used. The present review aimed to summarise the data related to ultrasound examination of the mammary gland in ruminant animals, with regard to its advantages, clinical applications, indications for performance, scanning techniques, and the interpretation of the echographic image of the udder’s different parts.
Key words: ultrasonography, mammary gland, ruminants
Haritova, A. M., 2012. Gastrointestinal tissue expression of villin mRNA in turkeys. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, 13-20.
Villin belongs to the family of actin-binding proteins. Its mRNA expression levels in gastrointestinal tract tissues of turkeys were studied in twelve healthy animals, BUT9 breed, divided in two groups. The first group consisted of untreated birds and served as control. The second group was treated with danofloxacin mesylate at a dose rate of 6 mg/kg/24 hours. Villin mRNA expression was detected in the crop and the proventriculus, and high levels were measured in the small and large intestines. Additionally, the profile of villin mRNA expression was tested after danofloxacin treatment. Its expression pattern was not statistically significantly changed. Moreover, in consideration of previous findings, villin was tested as a reference gene for quantitative RT-PCR experiments. Results showed that it was more stable than b-actin and that together with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, it can be used as housekeeping genes for intestinal tissues such as duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon.
Key words: gastrointestinal tract, turkey, villin
Vashin, I., T. Stoyanchev, M. Iliev & H.
Naydenski, 2012. Application of polymerase chain reaction and denaturing
gradient gel electrophoresis assay
of the flagellin gene for direct detection and subtyping of Campylobacter
jejuni and
Campylobacter coli
in avian faecal samples. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15,
No 1, 22-29.
The present report investigated the potential of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis assay of the flagellin gene (fla-DGGE) for direct detection, identification and typing of Campylobacter spp., and pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter сoli in samples without cultivation. Faecal samples obtained from synanthropic bird species inhabiting areas around broiler chickens fattening farms, and wild-type C. jejuni strains isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse were assayed. The PCR assay for Campylobacter spp. and the specific PCR assays for C. jejuni and C. сoli generated fragments sized 816, 735 and 500 bp, respectively. Out of the 34 faecal samples studied, 13 were positive for Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was detected in 10 (76.9%) and C. сoli – only in one (7.69%) out of Campylobacter positive samples. The employed fla-DGGE was applicable in faecal DNA concentrations over 150 ng/mL. Common genotypes with similar fla-DGGE profiles were found out in both faecal samples from synanthropic birds and broiler chicken isolates.
Key words: broiler chickens, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, synanthropic birds
Dehkordi, F.
Safarpoor, H. Momtaz & A. Doosti, 2012. Application of real-time PCR for
detection of Aspergillus species in aborted ruminant foetuses.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, 30-36.
This research has performed for detection of Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger and A. terreus) in aborted bovine, ovine, caprine and camel foetuses by real-time PCR in Iran. After modification of real-time PCR on abomasal contents, from the total number of 970 samples, 141 (14.53%) gave positive results for Aspergillus species. Of them, 62 (17.71%), 33 (14.04%), 27 (12.05%) and 19 (11.8%) positive specimens were detected in bovine, ovine, caprine and camel foetuses respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P<0.05) between bovine and camel and bovine and caprine aborted foetuses. aspergillus abortion was the most prevalent in cattle whereas camels tended to be the most resistant. This study was the first report of direct identification of Aspergillus species by real-time PCR in aborted bovine, ovine, caprine foetuses in Iran and camel foetuses in the world.
Key words: aborted foetuses, aspergillus spp., real-time PCR
Pourjafar, M., K. Badiei, A. A. Chalmeh, A. R. Sanati, A. Shahbazi, M. Badkobeh & M. H. Bagheri, 2012. Age-related cardiac arrhythmias in clinically healthy Iranian Najdi goats.Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, 37-43.
The present study was performed to find out the prevalence of
cardiac arrhythmias in clinically healthy Iranian Najdi goats at a different
age, without any clinical signs of cardiac diseases. The animals (n=118)
were assigned into 6 age groups, including 15-day-old
(n=17), 2-month-old (n=23),
6-month-old (n=22), 1-year-old (n=11), 3-year-old (n=22) and 5-year-old (n=23).
In 53.3% of all studied goats, at least one type of
cardiac arrhythmia was seen. Four types of cardiac arrhythmias were detected in
this study, including sinus tachycardia, respiratory sinus arrhythmia,
sinoatrial block and ventricular premature complex.
The proportion of cardiac arrhythmias differed
significantly (P<0.05) between 15-day-old animals and all other age groups.
Since none of the goats with cardiac arrhythmias showed any clinical signs of
heart disease at the time of electrocardiogramme recordings, the arrhythmias
observed in this study could be considered as physiological ones.
Alsaad, K. A., Q. T. Al-Obaidi
& S. D. Hassan, 2012. Clinical, haematological and coagulation studies of bovine
viral diarrhoea in local Iraqi calves.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, 44-50.
The objective of the present work was to investigate the clinical, haematological and blood chemical changes associated with bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) in local Iraqi calves. Out of 84 calves with clinical evidence of disease, 66 (55.44%) were Elisa seropositive for BVD. Diseased calves with BVD showed anorexia (89.39%), profuse watery diarrhoea mixed with mucus/or blood (78.78%), dehydration (78.78%), erosive lesions in the oral cavity (65.15%), salivation (60.6%), erosive lesions on the muzzle (48.48%), petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages of the visible mucosa (40.9%), weakness (37.87%) and lacrimation (31.81%). Statistically significant increase has been detected in body temperature, respiratory and heart rates in diseased calves in comparison with controls (P<0.05). The haematological results of control and diseased calves showed no significant difference in erythrocyte count and haemoglobin, however packed cell volume values were significantly higher in diseased calves than in controls. Leukopaenia, lymphopaenia and thrombocytopaenia were encountered in diseased calves. The platelet volume, platelet distribution width, clotting time, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in diseased calves. Blood biochemical changes revealed statistically significant (P<0.05) increased fibrinogen and haptoglobin concentrations in BVD calves.
Key words: bovine viral diarrhoea, calves, indirect Elisa, haematology, blood coagulation indices, haptoglobin
Useh, N. M., A. J. Nok, N. D. G. Ibrahim & K. A. N. Esievo, 2012. Neuronal degeneration and meningeal sialic acid complement of Zebu cattle experimentally infected with Clostridium chauvoei. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, 51-56.
For a long time, blackleg was mistakenly assumed to be an exclusively animal disease, because of poor diagnostic tools in the past. Current report of the disease in human beings has made research on Clostridium chauvoei a hot topic. Pathology of the nervous system in blackleg has yet to be exhaustively investigated. In this study, we report for the first time, neuronal degeneration in the brain and the meningeal sialic acid complement of Zebu cattle experimentally infected with Clostridium chauvoei. Mean meningeal sialic acid complement of the infected cattle was much lower than that of controls (P<0.05, while mean plasma neuraminidase activity of the infected bull-calves that died on day 3 (72 hours) post-infection was five times higher than that of the controls, possibly suggesting that the low sialic acid complement in infected animals resulted from enhanced cleavage of sialic acid in the meninges by the neuraminidase produced in vivo by C. chauvoei. This study suggests that sialic acid cleavage from meninges may possibly assist the spread of C. chauvoei and opportunistic pyogenic bacterial organisms to the brain to cause meningitis, accompanied by pus.
Key words: blackleg, Clostridium chauvoei, meningeal sialic acid, neuronal degeneration, Zebu cattle
Stefanov, I. S., 2012. Macromorphometric study on paranal sinuses in a brown bear (Ursus arctos). Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1 , 57-61.
The aim of the study was to establish the macromorphometric parameters of paranal sinuses and their projections onto the skin in a brown bear. It is shown that the brown bear’s paranal sinuses were similar to these of domestic dogs, and also located between the external and internal sphincters. Data about the colour, texture and amount of the organ' s secretion are provided. According to the present study, the brown bear possessed well developed paranal sinuses.
Key words: anatomy, brown bear, morphometry, paranal sinus
Paskalev, M., L. Lazarov & A. Atanasov, 2012. A case of solitary renal cyst in a dog. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 15, No 1, 62-67.
A clinical case of solitary renal cyst in a dog is described. The literature review showed that the disease was more common in some cat breeds than in dogs. By means of blood laboratory analysis, ultrasonography and radiology, tentative and differential diagnoses were made. The disease was confirmed intraoperatively, and then a nephrectomy was performed. The patient’s follow-up continued for 4 months after the surgery and no deviations from the general and surgical state were observed. Based on literature evidence and the outcome, it was concluded that when the contralateral kidney is properly functioning, the removal of the cyst together with the kidney was the better therapeutic approach.
Key words: dog, operative treatment, renal cyst