ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 13, No 4, DECEMBER 2010
CONTENTS
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 13, Number 4, December 2010, Summaries
Slavov, E. P. & P. V. Dzhelebov, 2010. Basic endocrine products of adipose tissue – a review. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 199-210.
Thorough studies in the recent years have proved that white adipose tissue is not only a depot of triacylglycerols, but possesses to some extent the typical features of an endocrine organ secreting biologically active substances. Changes in size of adipocytes due to reduction or increase in the amount of accumulated fat, modulate and alter their endocrine functions, which is very often linked to various metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue is a source of the hormone leptin – one of the main regulators of energy balance in organism; adiponectin – a hormone reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing oxidation of lipids in striated muscles; resistin and resistin-like molecules, which are linked to insulin resistance. Adipose tissue cells in obese individuals produce greater amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, soluble adhesion molecules, chemotactic proteins, procoagulatory factors. The aim of this brief overview is to summarize the most important data concerning the main secretory products of adipose tissue, commonly named adipokines.
Key words: adipokines, adiponectin, adipose tissue, leptin, resistin
Fatahian Dehkordi, R. A. & A. Parchami, 2010.
Scleroprotein and vascular smooth muscle cell distribution of
common carotid media in sheep and goats.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 211-217.
The aim of this study was to compare scleroprotein and smooth muscle cell distribution of common carotid media in sheep and goat. Ten adult sheep and ten adult goats were selected from the Shahrekord abattoir, Iran. Tissue sections showed that the media of the sheep and goat common carotid artery had similar stiffness but different elastic properties throughout its length, and different stiffness and elasticity throughout its thickness. The distribution of vascular smooth muscle cells was more uniform throughout the length and thickness of the common carotid media. The mean area fraction of both collagen and elastin and the mean number of smooth muscle cell nuclei per unit area (mm2) of the different parts of the common carotid artery were numerically greater in goats in comparison with those in sheep but the differences were not statistically significant.
Key words: collagen, common carotid artery, elastin, goat, sheep
Haritova, A. M. & N. V. Russenova, 2010.
in
vitro antibacterial effect of enrofloxacin
determined by time-killing
curves analysis.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 218-226.
Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are used as in vitro reference values to describe the activity of antibacterial drugs against a given microbial strain. The effect of antibiotics over time could be assessed by time-dependent bactericidal (time-killing) curves. In this study, MIC, mutant prevention concentrations (MPC) and time-killing curves of enrofloxacin were investigated on a pathogenic E. coli O78/H12 strain, isolated from broiler chickens. The tested strain was sensitive with MIC=0.015 μg/mL. MPC value was considerably higher (4 μg/mL). Time-killing curves showed that enrofloxacin activity was better at concentrations higher than 1 μg/mL (16×MIC in serum) whereas at lower concentrations (0.06 μg/mL) bacterial counts increased after a 24-hour incubation. These curves, together with MPC could be used to design a therapeutical schedule for problematic E. coli infections in farms, as they depict the behaviour of pathogenic strains over time and provide information about the possibility for selection or presence of resistant microbial populations.
Key words: enrofloxacin, E. coli, mutant prevention concentrations, time-killing curves
Lyutskanov, M. &
V. Urumova, 2010. Etiology, epidemiological monitoring and therapeutic control
of bacterial enteritis among suckling pigs in
bulgaria.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 227-234.
An analysis of the incidence of neonatal bacterial enteritis was performed in 12 intensive pig farms from different regions of Bulgaria. A total number of 380 faecal samples from live piglets and intestinal content of fresh carcasses were examined. Bacterial findings were observed in 89.2% of samples, and isolates belonged to 11 taxonomic categories. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) predominated (58.1% of all samples), followed by C. perfringens with 14.1%. Colienterotoxicosis was observed mainly during the first week of piglets’ life and most commonly affected 50–75% of pigs from diseased litters. The mean lethality was 48.3%, and cumulative mortality – 18% for the respective epidemic outbreak. Autumn-winter and winter-spring prevalence was higher. The sensitivity of ETEC isolates towards gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and enrofloxacin, colistin, neomycin and gentamicin was preserved. A relatively high resistance was established towards doxycycline (55.4%) and spectinomycin (42.4%).
Key words: enteritis, enterotoxigenic E. coli, lethality, morbidity, seasonal pattern, resistance
Paskalev, M. D.,
2010. Comparative investigation on blood bone markers in normally healing
and infected bone fracture models in dogs.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 235-244.
The purpose of the present study was to monitor the time course of serum bone markers concentrations in experimental models of normally healing and complicated fractures of the canine femur. Twelve dogs were divided into two groups: group I (six dogs) with experimental normally healing (NH) fractures and group II (six dogs) with experimentally induced post fracture osteomyelitis of the femur (OM group). Clinical (heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature) and radiological investigations were carried out over two months after the surgery. By the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th post operative weeks, blood was sampled for analysis of bone formation (total and bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin) and bone resorption (carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen – ICTP) markers. In the NH group, serum ICTP concentrations were statistically significantly increased by the 1st and 2nd post operative weeks and then returned to normal levels. In the OM group, ICTP was increased considerably by the end of the second week but remained high until the end of the 2nd month. The initial increase occurred before the appearance of specific radiological signs. In the OM group, bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were also significantly higher, but rapidly declined to baseline concentrations.
Key words: blood biochemical bone markers, dogs, fractures
Fasulkov, I. R., P. I.
Georgiev, A. L. Antonov & A. S. Atanasov, 2010. B-mode ultrasonography of
mammary glands in goats during the lactation period.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 245-251.
The goal of the present study was to establish the ultrasonographic features of the mammary gland in goats during lactation. Twenty-four animals of a local breed within the first to fifth month of lactation, bred at the clinical facilities of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and private farms in the Yambol and Stara Zagora districts, were included in the study. During the B-mode ultrasonography of the different mammary structures, the 5 MHz ultrasound probe was placed in horizontal and vertical position related to the examined subject. Two methods of examination were used – direct (transcutaneous ultrasonography) and immersion of the examined organ in water (“water bath” method). The mammary papilla was best scanned in vertical position, whereas the mammary parenchyma – in horizontal probe position. The application of the “water bath” method was more effective when examining the mammary papilla, and the transcutaneous method – when examining the structures in the other areas of the mammary gland. There were differences in the visualizations of the separate structures of the udder, depending on the presence or not of the offspring. It is thus recommended to perform ultrasonography of lactating goat’s mammary gland at least 2 hours after the last milking or separation of the offspring from goats.
Key words: goats, mammary gland, ultrasonography
Feizullah, F. & H. Daskalov,
2010. Investigation on lamb meat production hygiene in facilities with low and
high production capacity.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 252-258.
A comparative study on the microbiological parameters related to the hygiene status of two lamb slaughtering and processing facilities with low and high production capacity was performed. The data showed that the total viable count of microorganisms (TVC) varied between 4.09 and 6.79 log10 cfu/cm2 on small ruminant carcasses (SR) slaughtered at the smaller facility, while in the larger factory, the values varied between 4.32 and 7.20 log10 cfu/cm2. The values for Enterobacteriaceae varied within 1.30 to 3.18 log10 CFU/cm2 for the smaller factory and 1.27 to 6.05 log10 cfu /cm2 for the high capacity slaughterhouse. The results about the presence of E. coli were within the boundaries of 1 to 1.65 log10 cfu /cm2 for the small factory and 1.62 to 2.01 log10 cfu /cm2 for the facility with high capacity. The data about E. coli related to the different parts of a carcass showed a higher extent of contamination in the high capacity factory, with the exception of the outer surface of the chest, where the values were very close. The relationship between the strict application of good production and hygiene practices and results is discussed.
Key words: hygienic criteria, lamb meat, microbiological control
Chaprazov, Ts., D. Georgiev & I. Borissov, 2010.
Surgical management and antibacterial therapy of a bite wound in a green
iguana (Iguana iguana).
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 4, 259-263.
Traumatic injuries are common in green iguanas. In this clinical report, we follow out the surgical management and antibacterial therapy of a bite wound with loss of muscle tissue in one-year-old green iguana (Iguana iguana), referred to the Small Animal CLniic at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Some clinical and radiological signs of diagnostic importance and the condition of the lizard after the treatment performed are described. This is the first report about the therapy of a bite wound with muscle tissue loss in a gree iguana in our country.
Key words: bite wounds, green iguana, reptiles, therapy