ISSN 1311-1477 (print); ISSN 131-3543 (online)
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 13, No 3, SEPTEMBER 2010
CONTENTS
Published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia
University,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 13, Number 3, September 2010, Summaries
Nabipour, A., 2010. A concise review on the morphological characteristics of the His bundle in animals. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 3, 129-139.
The normal sequence of electrical activity in the heart is from the sinus node, where the pacemaking impulse originates to the atrioventricular (AV) node, where there is a slight delay in transmission, and thence to the atrioventricular fascicle (fasciculus atrioventricularis, His bundle) for rapid conduction into the branches distributing to the two ventricles. His bundle represents the most vulnerable part of the entire conduction system. A relatively small area of injury may completely block or seriously impair the transmission of impulse. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the information about the His bundle in animals, to compare its morphological features in different animal species and to discuss its embryology and blood supply.
Key words: bundle branches, cardiac conducting myocyte (Purkinje cell), heart, His bundle, myocardium
Penchev Georgiev, I., 2010. Physiological characteristics of the
somatotropin-insulin-like growth factors axis in calves during the foetal and
postnatal development. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 3 , 140-147.
The purpose of this review was to summarize and analyze the available information about some physiological traits of insulin-like growth factors and their cell receptors. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) are single-chain low molecular polypeptides with structure similar to that of proinsulin, exhibiting a very broad spectrum of physiological activity. IGF-1 and IGF-2 are formed in the liver as well as locally in almost all tissues. Due to the variety of physiological effects of IGFs and the fact that their production is stimulated by somatotropin, the term growth hormone-insulin-like growth factors axis (GH-IGFs) is commonly accepted. Apart IGF-1 and IGF-2, this system also includes insulin, somatotropin, four tissue receptor types – insulin receptor (IR), insulin like growth factor 1 and 2 receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R), growth hormone receptor (GHR), 6 IGF binding proteins (IGF-BP-1, IGF-BP-2, IGF-BP-3, IGF-BP4, IGF-BP5 and IGF-BP6). Despite the unclear facts related to the physiological traits of the different factors of the GH-IGFs system in animals, it is believed that they are essential for regulation of tissue growth and development via its effects on cell proliferation and differentiation and that their importance for these events changes during the foetal and postnatal periods.
Key words: development , growth, insulin-like growth factors, somatotropin
Popov,
B., R.
Radev
& S.
Georgieva. 2010. In vitro incidence of chromosome aberrations in
gamma-irradiated rabbit lymphocytes, treated with
Haberlea rhodopensis extract and vitamin C. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
13, No 3, 148-153.
Ionizing radiation produce deleterious effects in the living organisms and the rapid technological advancement has increased human exposure to ionizing radiation enormously. There is a need to protect humans against such effects of ionizing radiation. In this study, the effect of Haberlea rhodopensis and vitamin C on the frequency of chromosome aberrations in rabbits peripheral blood lymphocytes after in vitro gamma irradiation was compared. Results demonstrated that H. rhodopensis extract (at concentrations 1.0 μl/ml, 4.0 μL/mL and 8.0 μL/mL) reduced the frequency of chromosome aberrations, especially double chromosome fragments and dicentrics, as well as aberrant cells. H. rhodopensis extract applied at 1.0, 4.0 and 8.0 μL/mL was found to be more effective in reducing aberrant cells than vitamin C (1.0 μg/mL). The effect of H. rhodopensis and vitamin C on the frequency of dicentrics and double acentric fragments was similar. It can be concluded that the extract of H. rhodopensis at tested concentrations showed a radioprotective potential.
Key words: chromosome aberrations, Haberlea rhodopensis, rabbit lymphocytes, radioprotection, vitamin C
Dimitrov, R., M. Gulubova & A. Vodenicharov, 2010. Localization of serotonin-
and chromogranin A-positive neuroendocrine cells in feline
prostate gland. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 3, 154-161.
Immunohistochemical investigation of serotonin- and chromogranin A-positive neuroendocrine cells was carried out in prostate glands of 8 sexually mature, clinically healthy male European shorthair cats aged 1−2 years and weighing 2.8−4 kg. For the first time, serotonin- and chromogranin A-positive neuroendocrine cells were described by us in the feline prostate. Light microscopy showed that prostatic neuroendocrine cells were morphologically heterogeneous with irregular small processes and low density. They were located among the adjacent epithelial cells of the glandular alveoli and duct rarely extended to the alveolar lumen. Both serotonin-positive and chromogranin A-positive endocrinocytes were observed, mainly of the closed cell type, i.e. their processes did not extend to the alveolar lumen. Chromogranin A-sensitive cells demonstrated higher density and size compared to serotonin-sensitive ones. The presence of neuroendocrine cells among the cylindrical epithelial prostatic cells was probably related to their role in the regulation of prostatic fluid excretion through the stimulating effect of serotonin upon smooth muscle motility.
Key words: cat, chromogranin A, neuroendocrine cells, prostate, serotonin
Goranov, N., 2010. Effect of therapeutic pulsed ultrasound in dogs with experimental stifle joint osteoarthritis. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 3, 162-168.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound upon some functional parameters in dogs with stifle joint osteoarthritis. Experimental osteoarthritis was induced in 6 mixed-breed dogs by injections of sodium monoiodoacetate in the left knee joint. The right joint served as control. The clinical and goniometric status of dogs was monitored at post injections days 1, 30, 60, 105 and 130. Therapeutic ultrasound was applied between days 105 and 130 using a 1 cm2 transducer, 3 MHz frequency, power density 1.20 W/cm² and a pulsed wave duty cycle of 1/2 (impulse time/interval). Nine procedures were performed. Synovial fluid viscosity was also improved without alterations of its volume. Therapeutic ultrasound improved the clinical status, increased the muscle mass of the affected limb, the motility but not the circumference of the osteoarthritic knee joint in dogs. This physical factor had a beneficial effect on physicochemical properties of synovial fluid. At the same time, ultrasound therapy did not influence the chronic fibrous alterations in soft tissues.
Key words: dog, knee joint, osteoarthritis, therapeutic ultrasound
Useh,
N. M., A. J. Nok, N. D. G. Ibrahim & K. A. N. Esievo, 2010. Leukocyte response
in Zebu cattle experimentally infected with Clostridium chauvoei.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
13, No 3,
169-178.
The molecular mechanisms and specific roles of toxins and neuraminidase produced by C. chauvoei in the pathogenesis of leukopenia in blackleg are unknown. In this study with Zebu cattle experimentally infected with C. chauvoei, its toxins or neuraminidase, all they produced leukopenia (P<0.05) due to neutropenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia and eosinopenia. Neuraminidase and toxins produced by C. chauvoei in vivo acted synergistically to produce leukopenia of higher magnitude in the C. chauvoei-infected cattle, compared to the toxin and neuraminidase-administered animals. It was concluded that future therapeutic protocols against blackleg should target toxins and neuraminidase produced by C. chauvoei.
Key words: Clostridium chauvoei, leukocyte response, neuraminidase, toxins, Zebu cattle
Rahimi, E., H. Momtaz & N.
Nozarpour, 2010. Prevalence of
Listeria
spp.,
Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7
isolated from
camel carcasses during processing. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13,
No 3, 179-185.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the food-borne pathogens Listeria, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from camel carcasses during different stages of processing in a major commercial camel slaughterhouse in Iran. A total of 94 neck meat samples were taken from camel carcasses from 3 sites along the processing line including pre-evisceration, post-evisceration, and post-washing. The overall prevalence of Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., and E. coli O157:H7 was 9.6%, 5.3%, and 1.1%, respectively. The prevalence of the organisms at pre-evisceration, post-evisceration and post-washing stages was 7.4%, 8.5% and 3.2% for Listeria spp., 1.1%, 2.1%, and 1.1% for L. monocytogenes, 3.2%, 4.3% and 1.1% for L. innocua, 3.2%, 5.3%, and 1.1% for Campylobacter spp., and 0.0%, 1.1%, and 1.1% for E. coli O157:H7, respectively. The prevalence of these organisms was different during different seasons. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the prevalence of Listeria spp., C. jejuni, C. coli, and E. coli O157:H7 isolated from camel carcasses in Iran.
Key words: camel carcasses, Campylobacter spp., E. coli O157:H7, food-borne pathogens, Listeria spp.
Al-Sadrani, A. A. & E. B. Abdelsalam, 2010. Histological evidence of a
respiratory syncytial virus infection in pneumonic lungs of sheep in
Al-Quasim area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,
13, No 3, 186-189.
Histological alterations indicative of a respiratory syncytitial virus (RSV) infection were detected in the lung tissue of Mannheimia haemolytica-infected sheep in Al-Qassim Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Affected lungs showed prominent inflammatory alterations dominated by acute capillary congestion and extensive loss of airspaces due to massive cellular infiltration into the pulmonary alveoli. A number of multinucleated syncytial giant cells of variable size and shape were randomly scattered on the lung parenchyma. In addition, acute necrotizing bronchiolitis was also observed with some proliferative alterations and presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the bronchiolar epithelium. The histological evidence of a RSV infection in the lung tissue of Mannheimia haemolytica-infected sheep described in the present report emphasizes the role of the virus in the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonias in sheep.
Key words: lung, pneumonia, respiratory syncytial virus, Saudi Arabia
Lukyanova, G. & V. Galat, 2010. Effect of helminths on quantity of
intestinal actinomycetes and their ability to synthesize vitamin B12
in horses.
Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 13, No 3, 190-195.
The study was carried out in order to determine the amount and vitamin B12 synthethic ability of actinomycetes from horses’ intestinal canal on the background of spontaneous strongylid and cestode infection of horses. After spontaneous infection, the quantity of actinomycetes in intestinal canal of horses decreased significantly up to 1.052×10³ (0.8×103–2.0×103) median (range) CFU/g on the 50th day of grazing. In infected horses the number of actinomycetes cultures able to synthesize vitamin B12 was twice lower as compared to non-infected horses. This level was 9.8 times lower than that before infection. Actinomycetes cultures in infected horses, which synthesized vitamin B12 at 1-50 ng/mL, were 42.6%. In control group of animals, actinomycetes synthesizing B12 in the same range, were 19.1% or 2.2 times less in comparison with infected horses. Colonies synthesizing vitamin B12 within 111-170 ng/mL in non-infected horses were 28.9% of all colonies, but in infected horses they were only 5.6% or 5.3 times less. It was found that cultures in the infected horses which synthesized vitamin B12 on average 171-230 ng/ml were twice lower as compared to non-infected ones (7.4%). The majority of actinomycetes cultures (47 of 53 or 87%) in infected animals synthesized the vitamin within the range 1-110 ng/mL and only 7 cultures or 13% produced this vitamin in large quantities (110-230 ng/mL).
Key words: actinomycetes, horses, intestinal helminths, microbiocenose, vitamin B12