Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (BJVM)
ISSN 1311-1477
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
VOL. 10, No 3, SEPTEMBER, 2007
CONTENTS
131
FULL TEXTI. Bochev
Porcine respiratory disease compleX (PRDC): A REVIEW.
I. ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL FORMS AND PATHOANATOMICAL FEATURES147
FULL TEXTA. Vodenicharov
Scanning electron microscopic study on renal glomerular arterioles in pigs155
FULL TEXTA. Vodenicharov, P. Atanassova, P. Yonkova, G. Kostadinov & H. Hristov
Expression of lipoprotein lipase in the renal artery and vein of the domestic pig – an enzyme-histochemical study161
FULL TEXTS. Nazifi, M. Saeb, E. Rowghani, M. Hasankhani, F. hasanshahi & N. Ghafari
Studies on the physiological relationship between thyroid hormones, serum lipid profile and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in clinically healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep169
FULL TEXT179
FULL TEXTA. S. Bigham & A. N. Tabatabaei
Field study of hoof wall problems in unshod working horses185
FULL TEXT195
FULL TEXTF. ALDOMY & N. ABU ZEID
NEONATAL MORTALITY OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN JORDANPublished by the Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Volume 10, Number 3, September 2007, Summaries
Bochev, I., 2007. Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC): A review. I. Etiology, epidemiology, clinical forms and pathoanatomical features. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10,
No 3, 131-146.The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a relatively new disease with rapidly increasing importance for the industrial intensive pig breeding. The main causative agent is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and secondary pathogens – the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The disease is primarily seen in large pig farms with continuous production systems where the opportunity for exchange of microflora is more favourable. Mainly young animals from the growing and fattening groups are affected. The leading factor in the pathogenesis is the interaction between M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV. The clinical manifestations depend on the production system and the pathogens involved in the complex. The pathoanatomical changes are various and non-specific, being a combination of the impact of the various agents.
Key words: lungs, mycoplasmae, pigs, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC)
Vodenicharov, A., 2007. Scanning electron microscopic study on renal glomerular arterioles in pigs. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10, No 3, 147-154.
A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study was performed on 1620 glomerular arterioles (870 from the cortical and 750 from the juxtamedullary zone) in order to elucidate the peculiarities of haemodynamics and the potential for regulation of blood flow in the renal cortex. SEM showed that afferent arteriole (AA) in most cases separated under a sharp angle and relatively less frequently – at a right and obtuse angle. The length of AA was different; some of them exhibited convoluted at various extent course and cone- or ring-shaped constrictions. These features were more commonly observed in the peripheral zone of the cortex. The efferent arteriole (EA) usually had an arched course, variable length and degree of convolution. Cases when EA sharply changed its direction in the area of the vascular pole, thus forming a right angle over the glomerulus, have been observed. The present study adds to the data about the peculiarities of architectonics of renal glomerular arterioles in domestic pig, which could be of importance for blood flow regulation through glomeruli.
Key words: glomerular arterioles, kidney, swine, SEM
Vodenicharov, A., P. Atanassova, P. Yonkova, G. Kostadinov & H. Hristov, 2007. Expression of lipoprotein lipase in the renal artery and vein of the domestic pig – an enzyme-histochemical study. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10, No 3, 155-160.
Lipoproteinlipase (LPL) expression in the wall of renal artery and vein of 8 (4 male and 4 female), 10–12 months old slaughtered for consumption Landrace pigs, was studied. In the renal artery, the LPL expression was observed as an irregular thick layer mostly on the luminal surface of endothelial layer and close to both intimal and media sides of the internal elastic membrane. The latter showed a various degree of fragmentation. In two of the animals lipoproteinlipase expression was also established in the Tunica media, between smooth muscle cells. In the renal vein, LPL expression was observed as a slim line on the luminal surface of the endothelium. No positive reaction was detected next to the internal elastic membrane. A large amount of LPL-positive cells was observed in the connective tissue of the venous middle shell of one of investigated animals. On the basis of obtained results, a presumption was made that LPL expression in pig renal artery and vein had a species-related and individual features.
Key words: lipoprotein lipase, pig, renal artery, renal vein
Nazifi, S., M. Saeb, E. Rowghani, M. Hasankhani, F. hasanshahi & N. Ghafari, 2007. Studies on the physiological relationship between thyroid hormones, serum lipid profile and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in clinically healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10, No 3, 161-167.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any correlation between serum thyroid hormones, lipids, lipoproteins and the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in adult nonpregnant uniparous Iranian pure bred fat-tailed ewes. Blood samples (10 ml) were taken from the jugular vein of 30 clinically healthy Iranian adult nonpregnant uniparous ewes at 8 a.m. during 6 consecutive days of summer with a mean ambient temperature of 40°C. The serum was analyzed for thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), free tri-iodothyronine (fT3), cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins [high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), low density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-cholesterol)], SOD and GPX activity. There were no significant differences in serum thyroid hormones, lipids, lipoproteins and antioxidant enzymes in different days (P>0.05). In addition, there were no significant correlations between serum thyroid hormones, lipids, lipoproteins and antioxidant enzymes in different days (P>0.05).
Key words: erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, Iranian fat-tailed sheep lipids, lipoproteins, thyroid hormones
Zarkov, I., 2007. Diagnostic potential of the haemagglutination inhibition test, the immunodiffusion test and ELISA for detection of antibodies in chickens, intravenously infected with A/duck/Bulgaria/05 H6N2 avian influenza virus isolate. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10, No 3, 169-178.
After experimental infection of chickens with an avian influenza viral isolate A/duck/Bulgaria/05 H6N2, the potential of the haemagglutination inhibition test (HIT), the immunodiffusion test (IDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody detection was evaluated. The results evidenced that in birds, haemagglutinins, precipitins and IgG antibodies, detectable with ELISA, were formed. The percentage of chickens with subtype-specific antibodies was the highest by the 21st day of infection (100 %), followed by the 14th (66.7 %) and the 28th (55.6 %) days, and was the lowest by the 7th day (44.4 %). Serum titres ranged between 1:4 and 1:256 with predomination of 1:8 and 1:16 titres (29.2 % each). The mean arithmetic titre for the experiment was 1:38.2. The highest percentage of chickens with precipitins was observed by the 14th day (55.6 %) followed by the 7th, 21st and the 28th days with 33.3 % each. The titres ranged from undiluted to 1:4 with prevailing of 1:2 titres. By means of ELISA, 55.6% seropositive birds were detected by the 14th day whereas the percentage on days 7, 21 and 28 was 33.3%. S/P values were the highest by the 14th day (up to 1.640). The sensitivity was 80.6 % for HIT and 46.7 % for both IDT and ELISA on the background of a specificity of 100 %. The comparison of the three tests showed a specificity of 98.2 % for IDT and ELISA against HIT, sensitivity of 54.2 % for each of IDT and ELISA vs HIT and test agreement of 84.6 % for each of IDT and ELISA vs HIT. The data for detection of type-specific antigens showed equal results for both IDT and ELISA - specificity of 98.4 %, sensitivity of 92.9 % and test coverage of 97.4 %.
Key words: avian influenza viruses, chickens, ELISA, haemagglutination inhibition test, immunodiffusion test
Bigham, A. S. & A. N. Tabatabaei, 2007. Field study of hoof wall problems in unshod working horses. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10, No 3, 179-183.
A population of 100 native breed unshod working horses was examined for hoof wall problems. The diagnosis of hoof wall defects was performed by close visual observation and via physical examination. The location, extent and types of defects were then determined and recorded. Out of 100 horses, 124 hoof wall defects were noted in ninety working horses. The number of each defect in this study included the following cases: hoof wall horizontal grooves: 40, quarter cracks: 30, long toe problems: 20, toe cracks: 16, underrun heel: 10, white line disease: 4 and sheared heel: 4. Ten horses of our study had healthy hooves without any problems. Ninety percent of the horses had more than one defect in their hoof walls. This suggests that regular trimming and shoeing of the equine hoof can prevent and reduce hoof wall problems and reduce the rate of lameness in working and racing horses. Therefore, by performing regular trimming and shoeing, we can protect horses’ high performance and raise high quality breeds of horses.
Key words: hoof wall defects, unshod working horse
Yotov, S., 2007. Determination of the number of fetuses in sheep by means of blood progesterone assay and ultrasonography. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10, No 3, 185-193.
The studies were carried out on 45 sheep during the reproductive season. A programmed artificial insemination was performed, after synchronization of the estrus with vaginal sponges Chronogest, and treatment with Folligon. Progesterone analysis and transrectal examination were accomplished on the day of insemination, 20, 40, and 60 days afterwards. It was determined that on the 60th day of pregnancy, the level of progesterone in sheep carrying two foetuses (26.9 ± 5.0 ng/mL) was higher (p<0.01) compared to that in sheep carrying just one foetus (20.1 ± 3.0 ng/mL). The specificity of the transrectal ultrasonography (84.2%) by the 40th day of pregnancy was higher (p<0.05) than that of the progesterone assay (66.5%). The summarized data showed that measuring the progesterone levels by means of ELISA on the 20th day after insemination could be used with success for diagnostics in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. The determination of the number of foetuses in the studied sheep breeds through ultrasonography could be performed earlier (40th day), compared to that by progesterone method (60th day).
Key words: foetus number, progesterone, sheep, ultrasonography
Aldomy, F. & N. Abu Zeid, 2007. Neonatal mortality in small ruminants in Jordan. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 10, No 3, 195-199.
Neonatal mortality occurring within 14 days of birth was recorded in sheep and goats in Jordan during 2000-2001. Post-mortem examination of 155 lambs and kids that died in the neonatal period indicated that 120 (77.4%) of lambs’ and kids’ deaths were due to infectious causes, another seven (4.5%) died of a combination of infectious and non-infectious causes and 18 (11.6%) died because of non-infectious causes. Post- mortem examination failed to discover a cause of death in 5 out of the 104 lambs and in 5 out of the 51 kids. The results of the investigation demonstrate that losses in neonates may be due to more than one cause in the same animal.
Key words: Jordan, lambs, kids, neonatal mortality